ADHD IN GIRLS: NEUROIMAGING AND EXECUTIVE BEHAVIOR

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。有证据表明，患有多动症的女孩与男孩最显著的不同是：1)学业、社会情感和2)神经生物学特征。基于以往关于男孩多动症神经生物学特征的研究经验，本研究项目将重点关注女孩多动症的神经生物学特征，并计划从定量体积/解剖磁共振成像（aMRI）和执行行为评估中获得数据，包括运动/眼球运动和认知行为。考虑到性别因素，患有多动症的女孩将与对照组女孩以及患有和没有多动症的男孩进行比较。200名参与者（每组50人）的年龄范围为9.0 - 11.5岁；此外，即使在这么小的年纪，坦纳分期也会被考虑在内。解剖MRI感兴趣的区域将是额叶、基底神经节和小脑。假设ADHD女孩与男孩在额叶水平（仅表现出异常不对称）和基底节区水平（表现出对称较小的尾状核和白球总体积）上存在差异，而与男孩有相同的大脑和后下蚓部总面积减少。行为任务，包括运动/眼动和认知，将被分类为抑制控制、反应准备和工作记忆，这些功能被认为代表平行的额纹状体和小脑联锁回路。假设ADHD女孩在反应准备和工作记忆方面相对较弱，而在抑制方面相对较弱，与ADHD男孩相反。将分析按性别划分的亚型与aMRI和行为数据集的相互作用以及情绪症状的影响。受性别影响的脑-行为关系（如上所述，由协变量修改）将根据ADHD的神经发育模型进行解释。这是一项为期五年的研究，招募了200名儿童。我们将招募患有多动症的50名男孩和50名女孩，以及正常对照组的50名男孩和50名女孩。所有参与者将接受结构/解剖MRI（强调额叶、基底神经节和小脑）、强调执行功能的神经心理学评估（包括运动/动眼力评估）、智商测试、基本阅读技能评估和精神病学访谈。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. There is evidence that girls with ADHD differ from boys with ADHD most strikingly in 1) academic and social-emotional and 2) neurobiological features. Building upon previous research experience concerning neurobiological features of boys with ADHD, this research project focuses on 2) neurobiology of girls with ADHD, with plans to derive data from quantitative volumetric/anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI) and assessments of executive behaviors, both motor/oculomotor and cognitive. To take gender into account, girls with ADHD will be compared with control girls as well as boys with and without ADHD. The age range for the 200 participants (50 in each group) will be 9.0 to 11.5 years; in addition, even at this young age, Tanner staging will be taken into consideration. Anatomic MRI regions of interest will be frontal lobe, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. It is hypothesized that girls with ADHD will differ from boys with ADHD at the levels of frontal lobe (showing anomalous assymetry only), and at the level of the basal ganglia (showing symmetrically smaller total caudate and globus pallidus volumes) while sharing with boys total cerebral and posterior inferior vermis reductions. Behavioral tasks, motor/oculomotor as well as cognitive, will be categorized into inhibitory control, response preparation, and working memory, functions thought to represent parallel frontostriatal and cerebellar interlocking circuits. It is hypothesized that girls with ADHD will be relatively more impaired in terms of response preparation and working memory than in terms of inhibition, a profile opposite to that of boys with ADHD. Gender-by-subtype interactions with respect to aMRI and behavioral datasets and the impact of emotional symptoms will be analyzed. Brain-behavior relationships as influenced by gender (modified by covariates as noted above) will be interpreted in terms of neurodevelopmental models of ADHD. This is a five-year study, enrolling 200 children. We will recruit 50 boys and 50 girls with ADHD, and 50 boys and 50 girls in a normal control group. All participants will receive structural/anatomic MRI (emphasizing frontal lobes, basal ganglia, and cerebellum), neuropsychological assessment emphasizing executive functions (including motor/oculomotor assessment), IQ testing, assessment of basic reading skills, and psychiatric interview.