Foster Parenting Styles and Adolescent Mental Health Status

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的主要目标是探讨养父母表现出的养育方式（例如，非永久性亲属和非亲属照顾者）与寄养中受虐待青少年的积极心理健康结果有关。本研究将使用全国儿童和青少年福祉调查（NSCAW）进行二次数据分析，这是美国第一次对儿童和家庭进行虐待和忽视调查的全国概率纵向调查。目前的研究将侧重于254名青少年（11-15岁）的子样本，他们在调查开始时被安置在寄养家庭。本研究以Baumrind（1971，1972，1978，2005）和Maccoby和Martin（1983）的父母教养方式理论框架为指导。相应地，父母教养被组织成两个维度，即回应性和要求性，它们相互作用形成四重教养风格类型：权威型（高回应性，高要求性）、专制型（低回应性，高要求性）、放纵型（高回应性，低要求性）和忽视型（低回应性，低要求性）。本研究有以下具体目的：（1）探讨寄养父母教养方式各维度之间的关系（反应性、要求性及其相互作用）与青少年心理健康状况（内在症状，外在症状）18个月后测量;（2）确定寄养父母教养方式类型之间的关联（权威、专制、放纵、疏忽）与青少年心理状态（内在症状，外在症状）18个月后测量;（3）探讨邻里劣势对寄养家庭教养方式和心理健康结果的潜在调节作用。使用多变量模型对NSCAW数据进行二次分析（例如，调查加权多元回归，倾向得分加权分析）将检验以下假设：（1）在第1波测量的养父母维度（反应性、要求性及其相互作用）与第3波的青少年内化和外化症状呈负相关;（2）具体的父母教养方式类型（权威性、专制性、放纵性、忽视性）在第1波测量会对青少年心理健康状况产生差异性影响（内化症状，外化症状）在第3波测量;（3）如果存在，寄养父母的方式类型之间的关联测量在第1波和青少年心理健康状况在第3波是由邻里劣势调节。拟议的研究响应呼吁识别的风险和保护因素，影响发展中国家的青年谁被虐待和忽视的精神病理学。此外，本研究旨在确认父母教养方式理论研究的一般人群样本是否适用于受虐青少年寄养。目前的研究探讨寄养养育方式是否与积极的心理健康结果之间的全国代表性样本的青少年寄养。因此，这项研究的结果可能会推广到大量被寄养的受虐待青少年，他们患严重心理健康问题的风险增加（儿童与家庭管理局，2003年;柯蒂斯和佩蒂特，1997年;麦克米伦等人，2005; Pilowsky & Wu，2006）。鉴于寄养青年的临床需求往往不能通过传统的心理健康服务得到满足（Blumberg，Landsverk，Ellis-MacLeod，Ganger和Culver，1996年; Burns等人，1995; Burns等人，二○ ○四年;加兰，Landsverk，刘，2003年; Glisson，1996年;里昂和罗杰斯，2004年; Trupin，Tarico，低，Jemelka，和麦克莱伦，1993年），确定寄养父母的保护因素可能会提供额外的手段，防止严重的心理健康问题的青少年在寄养。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of the current study is to explore whether parenting styles exhibited by foster parents (e.g., non-permanent relative and non-relative caregivers) are associated with positive mental health outcomes among maltreated adolescents in foster care. This study will conduct secondary data analyses using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), the first national probability, longitudinal survey of children and families investigated for abuse and neglect in the United States. The current study will focus on a subsample of 254 adolescents (ages 11-15) who have been placed in foster care at the beginning of the survey. This study is guided by Baumrind's (1971, 1972, 1978, 2005) and Maccoby and Martin's (1983) theoretical framework on parenting styles. Accordingly, parenting is organized into two dimensions, responsiveness and demandingness, which interact to form a fourfold parenting style typology: authoritative (high responsiveness, high demandingness), authoritarian (low responsiveness, high demandingness), indulgent (high responsiveness, low demandingness), and neglectful (low responsiveness, low demandingness). This study has the following specific aims: (1) examine the relationship between dimensions of foster parenting (responsiveness, demandingness, and their interaction) and adolescent mental health status (internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms) measured 18 months later; (2) identify associations between foster parenting style types (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful) and adolescent mental status (internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms) measured 18 months later; and (3) explore the potential moderating effects of neighborhood disadvantage on foster parenting and mental health outcomes. Secondary analyses of the NSCAW data using multivariate models (e.g., survey weighted multiple regression, propensity score weighting analysis) will test the following hypotheses: (1) foster parent dimensions measured at wave 1 (responsiveness, demandingness, and their interaction) are inversely associated with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms at wave 3; (2) specific parenting style types (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful) measured at wave 1 will have a differential impact on adolescent mental health status (internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms) measured at wave 3; and (3) where present, the associations between foster parenting style type measured at wave 1 and adolescent mental health status at wave 3 are moderated by neighborhood disadvantage. The proposed study responds to calls for the identification of risk and protective factors influencing the developmental of psychopathology among youth who have been abused and neglected. Moreover, this study seeks to confirm if parenting style theory researched on general population samples applies to maltreated adolescents in foster care. The current study explores whether foster parenting style is associated with positive mental health outcomes among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in foster care. As a result, findings from this study can potentially generalize to large numbers of maltreated adolescents placed in foster care who have an increased risk of developing serious mental health difficulties (Administration for Children & Families, 2003; Curtis & Petit, 1997; McMillen et al., 2005; Pilowsky & Wu, 2006). Given that the clinical needs of foster youth are frequently not met by traditional mental health services (Blumberg, Landsverk, Ellis-MacLeod, Ganger, & Culver, 1996; Burns et al., 1995; Burns et al., 2004; Garland, Landsverk, & Lau, 2003; Glisson, 1996; Lyons & Rogers, 2004; Trupin, Tarico, Low, Jemelka, & McClellan, 1993), identifying protective factors within foster parenting may provide additional means of preventing serious mental health difficulties among adolescents in foster care.