Distress Tolerance and Adolescent Substance Use

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管大规模的公共卫生工作，以减少其发病率和患病率，但青少年使用药物的问题仍在继续增长。这一点尤其令人不安，因为青少年使用药物，特别是滥用药物往往预示着未来身心健康以及社会和职业功能的损害。为了加强预防工作，理论家们试图了解有助于物质滥用的病因学和维持的因素。两个变量，可能是特别相关的启动青少年物质使用和随后的发展物质滥用是消极的情绪状态和回避的应对行为。考虑到这些变量在一起，研究人员在成人物质使用文献已经开始利用行为措施的痛苦容忍度，以评估一个人的能力，坚持在目标导向的行为存在强烈的情绪不适，或简单地说，一个人的能力，有效地科普情绪困扰。具体来说，痛苦容忍度是用计算机化的实验室测量来评估的，在实验室测量中，参与者参与一项具有挑战性的任务，该任务的难度增加，直到任务的成功几乎是不可能的，在这一点上，他们对任务的持续坚持被测量。利用成人样本的研究一直表明，低水平的痛苦耐受性和增加物质使用，戒烟尝试的持续时间较短，非法药物使用禁欲尝试的持续时间较短，从住宅药物治疗的辍学率增加之间的关系。然而，还没有对青少年进行过这样的工作。考虑到早期使用与后期问题之间的联系，以及一旦发生滥用和依赖，预防工作在限制负面后果方面可能比治疗工作更有效，审查青少年的痛苦承受力与药物使用之间的联系具有很大的潜在公共卫生意义。因此，我们建议检查148个10年级学生（15-16奥尔兹）的横断面评估，以测试在何种程度上痛苦的容忍度与当前物质使用的频率。此外，我们将研究的独特性的痛苦容忍度在预测频率的物质使用时，占其他理论上相关的风险和弹性因素。最后，我们将研究潜在的调节作用，物质使用的期望，种族和性别之间的关系痛苦的容忍度和物质使用。我们建议检查148个10年级学生（15-16奥尔兹）的横断面评估，以测试在何种程度上痛苦的容忍度与当前物质使用的频率。此外，我们将研究的独特性的痛苦容忍度在预测频率的物质使用时，占其他理论上相关的风险和弹性因素。最后，我们将研究潜在的调节作用，物质使用的期望，种族和性别之间的关系痛苦的容忍度和物质使用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The problem of substance use in adolescence continues to grow despite large-scale public health efforts to reduce both its incidence and prevalence. This is particularly troublesome given that adolescent substance use and especially misuse often signals future impairments in physical health and mental health, as well as social and occupational functioning. To enhance prevention efforts, theorists have attempted to understand factors that contribute to the etiology and maintenance of substance misuse. Two variables that may be especially related to the initiation of adolescent substance use and the subsequent development of substance misuse are negative emotional states and avoidant coping behavior. Considering these variables together, researchers in the adult substance use literature have begun to utilize behavioral measures of distress tolerance to assess one's ability to persist in goal directed behavior in the presence of intense emotional discomfort, or simply, ones ability to effectively cope with emotional distress. Specifically, distress tolerance is assessed with computerized laboratory measures in which participants engage in a challenging task that increases in difficulty until success on the task is virtually impossible, at which point their continued persistence on the task is measured. Studies utilizing adult samples have consistently demonstrated a relationship between low levels of distress tolerance and increased substance use, shorter durations of smoking cessation attempts, shorter durations of illicit drug use abstinence attempts, and increased dropout rates from residential drug treatment. However, no such work has been conducted with adolescents. Given the link between early use and later problems as well as the fact that prevention efforts are likely to be more effective in limiting negative consequences than treatment efforts once abuse and dependence have occurred, there is great potential public health relevance in examining the link between distress tolerance and substance use in adolescents. Thus, we propose to examine 148 10th graders (15-16 year olds) in a cross-sectional evaluation to test the extent to which distress tolerance is related to frequency of current substance use. In addition, we will examine the uniqueness of distress tolerance in predicting frequency of substance use when accounting for other theoretically relevant risk and resiliency factors. Finally, we will examine the potential moderating role of substance use expectancies, race, and gender in the relationship between distress tolerance and substance use. We propose to examine 148 10th graders (15-16 year olds) in a cross-sectional evaluation to test the extent to which distress tolerance is related to frequency of current substance use. In addition, we will examine the uniqueness of distress tolerance in predicting frequency of substance use when accounting for other theoretically relevant risk and resiliency factors. Finally, we will examine the potential moderating role of substance use expectancies, race, and gender in the relationship between distress tolerance and substance use.