An advanced diffractometer for resonant soft x-ray scattering, diffraction and reflectivity

软x射线衍射和散射是一种相对较新的技术，依赖于元素吸收边缘的巨大共振增强。对薄膜和单晶的研究已经证明了软x射线衍射在研究电荷和磁散射以及直接观察轨道有序方面的优势。迄今为止，世界领先的研究已在达雷斯伯里进行，使用一个简单的双圆衍射仪修改与氮气冷却阶段。目前的衍射仪有许多局限性，无法升级。我们建议建立一个新的专用真空软X射线衍射仪，具有增强的低温能力，多轴能力，并配备了一些新的探测器，包括高分辨率CCD。衍射仪还将配备一个高磁场磁铁，用于在环境温度下进行反射率研究。新的衍射仪将在达雷斯伯里设计，用于钻石的软X射线纳米科学光束线（I06）的分支线，并最终在2010年后用于磁性（I10）的偏振光束线。新的衍射仪将为现有的广泛用户社区提供一条迁移路线，用于技术重要材料的基础研究和设备应用，这些材料目前在SRS使用1.1和5U1。

Soft x-ray diffraction and scattering is a relatively new technique relying on huge resonant enhancements at elemental absorption edges. Studies on thin films and single crystals have demonstrated the advantages of soft x-ray diffraction for studies of both charge and magnetic scattering as well as direct observation of orbital ordering. To date world leading research has been conducted at Daresbury using a simple two-circle diffractometer modified with a nitrogen cooling stage. The current diffractometer has a number of limitations and cannot be upgraded. We propose to build a new dedicated in-vacuum soft x-ray diffractometer with enhanced cryogenic capabilities, multiaxis capability and equipped with a number of new detectors including a high resolution CCD. The diffractometer will also be equipped with a high field magnet for reflectivity studies at ambient temperature. The new diffractometer will be designed at Daresbury to be used on a branchline of the soft x-ray Nanoscience beamline (I06) at Diamond and eventually on the polarized beamline for magnetism (I10) after 2010. The new diffractometer will provide a migration route for an existing wide community of users for fundamental studies and device applications of technologically important materials who currently use 1.1 and 5U1 at the SRS.