Beam driven instabilities in magnetized plasmas

电磁辐射是光的另一个更广泛的名称，包括无线电波到伽马射线。本提案旨在研究电子束在固定磁场中旋转与电磁波相互作用的能力，在频谱的微波部分。在某些条件下，这种相互作用可以被安排得使电子减速，它们失去的能量被波能量的增加所保留。这个过程是有效的激光行动。特别地，这个项目将考虑一个电子束，其中一些电子几乎沿着磁场线运动，而其他电子几乎垂直于它旋转。由于天文观测的结果，提出了一种新的理论观点，该观点预计这种类型的电子束会产生特别高的增长率，并可能有效地将电子能量转换为波能。为了评估这种潜力和理论思想的有效性，该项目将进行一个实验，通过磁压缩产生这样的光束，并观察光束在不同磁场和辐射场分布值下的发射。测量的光束电流、电压、位置和速度将与测量的微波发射的幅度和频率进行比较。还将进行理论研究，以确保预期的行为与实际可实现的实验几何形状准确地进行比较。这种理论和实验研究相结合的方法将使该项目能够将实验结果与理论模型的预测以及计算模拟的输出进行比较，从而确定其有效性和应用潜力。

Electromagnetic radiation is another, broader, name for light, encompassing radio waves through to gamma rays. This proposal intends to investigate the ability of an electron beam gyrating in a fixed magnetic field to interact with an electromagnetic wave, in the microwave part of the spectrum. In certain conditions this interaction can be arranged so that the electrons slow down, and the energy they lose is conserved by an increase in the energy of the wave. This process is effectively LASER action. In particular the project will consider an electron beam where some electrons are very nearly travelling along the magnetic field lines and others are gyrating nearly perpendicularly to it. A new theoretical idea has been proposed as a result of astronomical observations which expects especially high growth rates to occur from this type of electron beam and potentially efficient conversion of the electron energy to wave energy. To evaluate this potential, and the validity of the theoretical idea, the project will conduct an experiment where such a beam will be produced by magnetic compression and the emissions from the beam will be observed for different values of the magnetic field and radiation field distributions. Measurements of the beam current, voltage position and velocity will be compared to the measurements of the amplitude and frequency of the microwave emissions. Theoretical research will also be undertaken to ensure the expected behaviour is compared accurately with the actually realisable experimental geometry. This combined approach of theoretical and experimental investigation will allow the project to compare the experimental results with the predictions of the theoretical model and also with the output of computational simulations, thereby establishing its validity and potential for applications.