Cooling of Atoms in Optical Cavities by Collective Dynamics

光驻波中的原子经历一种称为光学晶格的周期势。近年来，对光学晶格中的冷原子的研究已成为冷原子物理学的一个重要前沿。我们建议将驻波置于光学腔内，从而开辟这一研究的新领域。这有望通过原子与单光子模式的共同耦合来诱导新的集体效应。例如，我们预计，在一个腔内的集体效应可以预期冷却大量的N个原子或分子到非常低的温度。正如我们最初的理论研究[1,2]和第一次不完整的实验研究[3,4,5]所表明的那样，当存在红色失谐激光场并且当腔泄漏率大于单粒子耦合常数的平方根N倍时，预期冷却速率最大。声子描述粒子在光学晶格势内的运动，然后不断地转化为光子，这些光子通过腔镜泄漏出来。结果是系统动能在一个时间尺度上的蒸发，这个时间尺度是由通过谐振镜的光子的非常大的泄漏率给出的。我们建议研究在这些非线性量子系统中自然发生的冷却和相关的集体效应，并将实验结果与详细的和新开发的理论模型进行比较。该提案的目的是通过实验人员和理论家的合作，将冷原子、腔QED、量子物理、许多身体系统和非线性动力学方面的专业知识汇集在一起，开始对这些效应进行研究陈晓明，陈晓明，陈晓明，等。多粒子同步冷却的研究进展，物理学报，7,(2005). b[2]A. Beige， P.L. Knight和G. Vitiello，将许多粒子冷却到非常低的温度，Braz。物理学报，35 (2005).[10J. F. Roch， K. Vigneron， P. Grelu， A. Sinatra， J. P. Poizat， P. Grangier，利用冷阱原子的量子非破坏测量，物理学。Rev. Lett. 78,634（1997）。[10]陈宏伟，张晓东，张晓东，光学腔中原子集体发射诱导冷却的观测，物理学报，生态学报，2003,19 (3):481 - 481与Grangier博士私下交流。

Atoms in a standing wave of light experience a periodic potential called an optical lattice. The study of cold atoms in an optical lattice has become a major frontier of cold atom physics over the last few years. We propose to open a new domain of this study by having the standing waves within an optical cavity. This is expected to induce new collective effects through the common coupling of the atoms to a single photon mode. For example, we anticipate that collective effects within a cavity can be expected to cool a large number N of atoms or molecules to very low temperatures. As our initial theoretical [1,2] and first incomplete experimental studies [3,4,5] show, maximum cooling rates are expected in the presence of a red-detuned laser field and when the cavity leakage rate is as large as the square root of N times the single-particle coupling constants. The phonons, describing the movement of the particles inside the optical lattice potential, are then continuously converted into photons, which leak out through the cavity mirrors. The result is an evaporation of the kinetic energy in the system on a time scale given by the very large leakage rate of photons through the resonator mirror. We propose to study the cooling and related collective effects that are expected to occur naturally in these nonlinear quantum systems and to compare experimental results with detailed and newly developed theoretical models. The aim of the proposal is to begin a study of these effects through a collaboration of experimenters and theorists, bringing together expertise in cold atoms, cavity QED, quantum physics, many body systems and non-linear dynamics.[1] A. Beige, P.L. Knight, and G. Vitiello, Cooling Many Particles at Once, New J. Phys. 7, 96 (2005).[2] A. Beige, P.L. Knight, and G. Vitiello, Cooling many particles to very low temperatures, Braz. J. Phys. 35, 403 (2005).[3] J. F. Roch, K. Vigneron, P. Grelu, A. Sinatra, J. P. Poizat, and P. Grangier, Quantum Nondemolition Measurements using Cold Trapped Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 634 (1997). [4] H. W. Chan, A. T. Black, and V. Vuletic, Observation of Collective-Emission-Induced Cooling of Atoms in an Optical Cavity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 063003 (2003).[5] Private communication with Ph. Grangier.