New Concepts in Organic Selectivity and Mechanisms

理解有机反应中的反应性和选择性的传统框架失败了， 受动态效应影响的反应。我们的工作已经确定了三种类型的动态效果， 这在溶液中的普通有机反应中是常见的。我们提出了他们的详细机制， 在不同的反应调查。这项研究的目的是确定实验的例子，并开发 每种动态效应的实验证据。这包括表征 与动态效应有关的观测和动态的新的实验测试的发展 方面的影响.我们还旨在建立这些类型的动态效应的例子，在酶和有机金属 反应.总的来说，我们的目标是提供一个足够的实验现象学，以促进理解， 让其他工人认识到什么时候动态效应在他们的反应中起作用。最后，机械 研究提出了理解和控制选择性的目的，在一些重要的新的 反应.这项工作的健康相关性来自于它对理解反应的影响 在重要的药物合成和重要的生物合成反应中起重要作用 途径。 药物的合成和生物途径的操纵取决于合理的 设计和控制化学反应，这反过来又取决于对化学反应的理解。 我们的研究提供了基本的新方法来理解反应，这些反应应该有助于它们的发明， 发展和监管。

The conventional framework for understanding reactivity and selectivity in organic reactions fails for reactions influenced by dynamic effects. Our work has identified three types of dynamic effects that we expect to be common in ordinary organic reactions in solution. We propose their detailed mechanistic investigation in diverse reactions. The aim of this research is to identify experimental examples and develop experimentally-based evidence for each type of dynamic effect. This includes the characterization of observations associated with dynamic effects and the development of new experimental tests for dynamic effects. We also aim to establish examples of these types of dynamic effects in enzymatic and organometallic reactions. Overall, our goal is to provide a sufficient experimental phenomenology to foster understanding, allowing other workers to recognize when dynamic effects play a role in their reactions. Finally, mechanistic studies are proposed with the aim of understanding and controlling selectivity in some important new reactions. The health-relatedness of this work derives from its impact on the understanding of reactions important in the synthesis of medicinally important substances and reactions important in biosynthetic pathways. The synthesis of pharmaceuticals and the manipulation of biological pathways depend on the rational design and control of chemical reactions, which in turn depend on the understanding of chemical reactions. Our research is providing fundamental news ways to understand reactions that should aid in their invention, development, and regulation.