Exploring the effect of a low-fat diet and/or exercise on change in inflammatory

描述（由申请人提供）：生活方式模式，如低脂饮食模式和定期体力活动，与心血管疾病（CVD）风险降低和CVD风险因素改善相关。目前尚不清楚这些生活方式行为如何与被认为在CVD发展中起重要作用的新兴风险因素（如炎症）相关。横断面研究表明，剧烈的体力活动与较低的炎症标志物有关，特别是C反应蛋白（CRP）。有限数量的干预措施表明，定期的体力活动可能会降低CRP水平，但以前的研究样本量小，没有对照组。相比之下，只有少数横断面研究评估了低脂饮食和CRP之间的关联，并且有一种建议认为低脂肪饮食摄入与较高的CRP水平相关。没有干预措施评估低脂饮食对CRP的影响。因此，关于生活方式对CRP的影响的主要问题还没有得到回答：有规律的体力活动能降低CRP吗？低脂饮食对CRP没有好处吗？如果这些生活方式因素结合在一起会发生什么？这些问题对于设计最佳生活方式干预措施以降低高危人群的CVD风险至关重要。来自饮食和运动提高风险（DEER）试验的数据集，一项随机对照试验可以回答这些重要问题。197名男性和180名绝经后脂蛋白水平不佳的女性被随机分配到一项为期1年的试验中，试验包括：（1）低脂饮食;（2）定期体力活动;（3）饮食和体力活动;（4）对照。储存的样本可用于测量血浆CRP水平。这项研究将确定饮食和体力活动单独和组合对CRP相对于对照组的影响，并探索饮食模式和体力活动的组合，以降低高危人群的CRP水平。该应用程序通过测试高危人群中CRP的生活方式干预的可行性来响应PA 06-181，以探索新的科学领域。 公共卫生相关性：最近的证据表明，炎症是冠心病发展的关键因素。目前没有建议改变生活方式可以减少炎症标志物。这项研究将使用现有的数据集来测试低脂饮食，增加体力活动，单独或组合，是否可以减少炎症标志物。这些结果可以帮助确定减少炎症所需的最佳生活方式改变，最终目标是降低冠心病的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lifestyle patterns, such as consuming a low-fat dietary pattern and regular physical activity, are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in CVD risk factors. It is less clear how these lifestyle behaviors are associated with emerging risk factors thought to play an important role in development of CVD, such as inflammation. Cross-sectional studies indicate that vigorous physical activity is associated with lower inflammatory markers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP). A limited number of interventions suggest that regular physical activity may reduce CRP levels, but previous studies have had small sample sizes and no control groups. In contrast, only a few cross-sectional studies have assessed associations among a low-fat diet and CRP, and there is a suggestion that dietary intakes low in fat are associated with higher CRP levels. No interventions have evaluated the effects of a low-fat diet on CRP. Thus, major questions about lifestyle patterns on CRP have not been answered: Can regular physical activity reduce CRP? Does a low-fat diet not benefit CRP? What happens if these lifestyle factors are combined? These questions are critical to answer in order to design optimal lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CVD in high-risk populations. The data set from the Diet and Exercise for Elevated Risk (DEER) trial, a randomized, controlled trial can answer these important questions. 197 men and 180 postmenopausal women with unfavorable lipoprotein levels were randomized to a 1-year trial of a (1) low-fat diet; (2) regular physical activity; (3) diet and physical activity; (4) control. Stored specimens are available to measure plasma CRP levels. This research will determine the effects of diet and physical activity, alone and in combination, on CRP relative to the control group, and explore combinations of dietary patterns and physical activity to reduce CRP levels in high-risk individuals. This application responds to PA 06-181 by testing the feasibility of lifestyle interventions on CRP in high-risk individuals to explore a new scientific area. Public Health Relevance: Recent evidence has emerged that inflammation is a key factor in the development of coronary heart disease. There are currently no recommendations for lifestyle changes that can reduce markers of inflammation. This study will use an existing data set to test whether a low-fat diet, increased physical activity, each alone or combined, can reduce markers of inflammation. These results can help determine what the optimal lifestyle changes are necessary to reduce inflammation, with the ultimate goal of reducing risk for coronary heart disease.