Tissue Engineering of Cartilage using Periosteum

关节软骨是一种非常耐用的组织，它覆盖着我们关节中的关节骨表面， 通过大大减少骨骼之间的摩擦和分散应力，允许无痛运动。不幸的是， 当软骨由于损伤或疾病而受损时，它的愈合能力有限，并可能导致过早的 关节炎关节炎是一个主要的健康问题，预计随着人口老龄化而增加。因此， 对修复或重建受损关节软骨的技术的发展产生了相当大的兴趣。 一个成功的软骨修复方法的意义将是巨大的， 影响和生活质量。重要的是，在这个医疗保健费用不断上升的时代， 修复将减少与关节置换和多次翻修相关的长期医疗费用 它们的我们的长期目标是开发一种软骨修复的组织工程方法， 骨膜骨膜移植物有可能有助于组织的三个要求中的每一个 工程（支架，细胞，生长因子），并已成功地用于生物表面的 修复受损的关节软骨。应用骨膜组织移植的主要障碍 组织工程的一个重要问题是随着患者年龄的增长，骨膜的软骨形成潜力下降。 我们假设骨膜下注射特定的生长因子可以作为一种预处理， “活化”骨膜用于关节软骨组织工程。从本质上讲，工程组织将 在体内制备用于移植。在这项建议中，我们计划检查骨膜下的潜力， 注射已知的软骨形成生长因子以增强（1）软骨形成前体细胞的数量， 体内骨膜（目的1），（2）体外骨膜软骨形成潜力（目的2）和（3） 骨膜修复关节软骨缺损的潜力（目的3）。除了关节软骨修复，这些 这些研究有可能影响骨膜在其他应用中的应用，如骨组织工程。 骨头此外，通过消除对细胞培养扩增设施和专业知识的需要，这种方法的成本降低了。 这种方法应该少得多，从而使软骨修复在全球范围内更容易获得。

Articular cartilage is the remarkably durable tissue that covers the articulating bone surfaces in our joints and permits pain-free movement by greatly reducing friction between bones and distributing stress. Unfortunately, when cartilage is damaged due to injury or disease, it has a limited capacity to heal and can lead to premature arthritis. Arthritis is a major health issue that is predicted to increase as our population ages. As such, there is considerable interest in the development of techniques to repair or reconstruct damaged articular cartilage. The implications of a successful method for cartilage repair would be great in terms of the number of patients affected and their quality of life. Importantly, in this era of escalating health care costs, successful cartilage repair would decrease the long-term costs of health care related to joint replacement and multiple revisions thereof. Our long-term objective is to develop a tissue engineering approach for cartilage repair using periosteum. Periosteal grafts have the potential to contribute to each of the three requirements for tissue engineering (scaffold, cells, growth factors), and have been used successfully in biological resurfacing for the repair of damaged articular cartilage. The principle obstacle to overcome for the use of periosteal tissue grafts for tissue engineering is the declining chondrogenic potential of periosteum with increasing age of the patient. We hypothesize that subperiosteal injection of specific growth factors can be used as a pretreatlnent to "activate" periosteum for articular cartilage tissue engineering. In essence, the engineered tissue will be prepared in vivo for transplantation. In this proposal, we plan to examine the potential for subperiosteal injection of known chondrogenic growth factors to enhance (1) the number of chondrogenic precursor cells in periosteum in vivo (Aim 1), (2) the in vitro chondrogenic potential of periosteum (Aim 2) and (3) the potential of periosteum to repair articular cartilage defects (Aim 3). Beyond articular cartilage repair, these studies have the potential to impact the use of periosteum for other applications such as tissue engineering of bone. In addition, by eliminating the need for cell culture expansion facilities and expertise, the cost of this approach should be considerably less thereby making cartilage repair more globally accessible.