Common and Specific Alcohol Risk Factors in African Americans and Caucasians

描述(由申请人提供)：大量研究证据表明，与高加索人相比，非裔美国人的酗酒流行率(Breslau等人，2006年)和酒精使用情况(Bachman等人，1991年；Wallace，Bachman等人，2003年)不同。尽管有这些差异，但相对较少的研究探讨了哪些因素对非裔美国人的酗酒风险过程起到了作用。基于跨文化研究的综合模型(Smith，et al.，2006；Spillane&Smith，2007)，拟议研究的目标是测试一个模型，该模型既检查潜在的共同(个性失控、对酒精的反应、酒精预期)和特定的(社会/背景)风险因素，这些因素可以解释饮酒行为中出现的种族差异。据假设，与高加索人相比，非裔美国人的共同风险因素(例如，去抑制)的平均水平较低，背景因素(例如，宗教信仰)在平均水平和与饮酒的关联方面都将在不同种族之间有所不同。这些背景因素被认为限制了常见风险因素(例如，去抑制)和饮酒之间的关系。非裔美国人(n=140)和高加索人(n=100)参与者将被包括在研究中。140名非洲裔美国人参与者(平均年龄=21.87岁，SD=1.17；45%为男性)已经完成了这项研究，这是一个研究非洲裔美国人饮酒行为遗传因素的项目的一部分(R21 AA015218，PI：Denis M.McCarthy博士)。高加索参与者将完成相同的酒精挑战方案。参与者接受了结构化访谈(SSAGA-II：Bucholz等人，1994)和完整的纸质和铅笔问卷，评估他们在第一次访问期间的饮酒行为、去抑制和酒精预期。在他们的第二次访问中，参与者在实验室环境中饮用伏特加和奎宁水，估计峰值剂量为80毫克/分升(0.08%)。在第一个小时内，每15分钟测量一次对酒精的主观和生理反应，然后每半小时完成三次评估。 与公共健康相关：非洲裔美国人表现出与高加索人不同的饮酒模式，但人们对这些群体之间的风险和保护因素有何不同知之甚少。研究种族群体中常见的风险因素和可能具有文化特殊性的因素，可以更全面地了解非裔美国人的酒精风险过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Considerable research evidence shows that alcoholism prevalence (Breslau, et al., 2006) and alcohol use topography (Bachman, et al., 1991; Wallace, Bachman, et al., 2003) differ for African Americans compared to Caucasians. Despite these differences, relatively little research has examined what factors contribute to the alcoholism risk process in African Americans. Based on an integrative model of cross-cultural research (Smith, et al., 2006; Spillane & Smith, 2007), the goal of the proposed study is to test a model examining both potential common (disinhibited personality, response to alcohol, alcohol expectancies) and specific (social/contextual) risk factors that could account for the racial differences seen in drinking behavior. It is hypothesized that African Americans will have lower mean levels of common risk factors (e.g., disinhibition) compared to Caucasians and that contextual factors (e.g., religiosity) will differ in both mean levels and association with drinking across races. These contextual factors are thought to constrain the relation between common risk factors (e.g., disinhibition) and drinking. African American (n = 140) and Caucasian (n = 100) participants will be included in the study. One hundred and forty African American participants (mean age = 21.87, SD = 1.17; 45% male) have completed the study as part of a project examining genetic factors in African American drinking behavior (R21 AA015218, PI: Dr. Denis M. McCarthy). Caucasian participants will complete the same alcohol challenge protocol. Participants are administered a structured interview (SSAGA-II: Bucholz, et al., 1994) and complete paper and pencil questionnaires assessing drinking behavior, disinhibition, and alcohol expectancies during their first visit. On their second visit, participants consume vodka and tonic in a laboratory setting, to achieve an estimated peak BAG of 80 mg/dl (0.08%). Subjective and physiological responses to alcohol are measured every 15 minutes for the first hour and three more assessments are completed every half an hour. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: African Americans exhibit a different drinking pattern than Caucasians, but relatively little is known about how risk and protective factors differ between these groups. Examining both risk factors that are common across racial groups and factors that may be culturally specific could provide a more complete picture of the alcohol risk process for African Americans.