Disinhibition and Acute Response to Alcohol in European and African Americans

描述（由申请人提供）：该导师研究科学家发展奖（K01）的总体目标是提供一个为期 5 年的职业发展和研究计划，使候选人能够对非裔美国人的酗酒风险过程进行创新研究。与欧洲裔美国人相比，非洲裔美国人更有可能戒酒。然而，在饮酒者中，非裔美国人比欧洲裔美国人更容易遇到问题。拟议的项目将通过利用实验室和自然评估来研究这种差异，以检查两种广泛研究的酒精使用障碍危险因素的种族差异：对酒精的反应和行为去抑制。研究参与者将从行为去抑制方面差异最大的年轻人中抽取：有（或没有）注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）病史的成年人。自然主义评估的加入将提高研究结果的生态有效性，这在研究种族群体差异时尤其重要。 参与者将从正在进行的 ADHD 儿童纵向研究中招募（PI：Molina；AA11873；DA85553；MH53554）。将招募偶数数量的欧洲 (n = 60) 和非裔美国人 (n = 60) 成年饮酒者，并根据近期饮酒行为进行跨种族匹配。将招募偶数有或没有多动症病史的参与者。参与者将在两次实验室会议（酒精和非酒精饮料控制）和问卷中完成 3 项行为去抑制任务。饮酒后将评估对酒精的反应 7 次。然后，参与者将在其自然环境中完成为期 10 天的生态瞬时评估。他们会全天响应随机提示，报告情绪、风险决策和环境。参与者还将在饮酒后做出反应，以捕捉对酒精的主观反应以及饮酒的后果。后续评估将在6个月后进行。 拟议的项目有三个具体的研究目标：1）测试对酒精的急性反应的种族差异。 2) 测试清醒和醉酒时行为抑制解除的种族差异。 3) 检查对酒精的急性反应与醉酒行为去抑制之间关联的种族差异；纳入可能促进这种关联的特定背景因素。候选人将接受行为去抑制多模式评估、生态瞬时评估技术、高级统计和以非裔美国人文化为重点的多元文化培训方面的深入培训。完成后，候选人将准备进行高影响力的研究，将实验室和自然评估联系起来，以了解跨种族酒精使用障碍的病因。结果将为未来旨在减少非裔美国人经历的酒精相关问题的干预措施提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching aim of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to provide a 5-year career development and research program that will enable the candidate to conduct innovative research on the alcoholism risk process of African Americans. African Americans are more likely to abstain from alcohol compared to European Americans. However, among those who drink alcohol, African Americans are more likely than European Americans to experience problems. The proposed project will study this discrepancy by utilizing laboratory and naturalistic assessments to examine racial differences in two widely studied risk factors for alcohol use disorders: response to alcohol and behavioral disinhibition. Research participants will be drawn from a population of young adults with maximal variability in behavioral disinhibition: adults with (and without) histories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The addition of naturalistic assessments will increase the ecological validity of the findings which is especially important when studying racial group differences. Participants will be recruited from ongoing longitudinal studies of children with ADHD (PI: Molina; AA11873; DA85553; MH53554). An even number of European (n = 60) and African American (n = 60) adult drinkers will be recruited and matched across race on recent drinking behavior. An even number of participants with and without ADHD histories will be recruited. Participants will complete 3 behavioral disinhibition tasks in two laboratory sessions (alcohol and non-alcohol beverage control) and questionnaires. Response to alcohol will be assessed 7 times after alcohol consumption. Participants will then complete a 10- day ecological momentary assessment period in their natural environment. T hey will respond to random prompts throughout the day to report mood, risky decision making, and environment. Participants will also initiate responding upon drinking alcohol to capture subjective response to alcohol and consequences of alcohol use. Follow-up assessments will be conducted 6 months later. The proposed project has three specific research aims: 1) Test racial differences in acute response to alcohol. 2) Test racial differences in behavioral disinhibition while sober and intoxicated. 3) Examine racial differences in the association between acute response to alcohol and intoxicated behavioral disinhibition; incorporate context-specific factors that may facilitate this association. The candidate will receive in-depth trainingin the multi-modal assessment of behavioral disinhibition, ecological momentary assessment techniques, advanced statistics, and multi-cultural training with an emphasis on the African American culture. Upon completion, the candidate will be poised to conduct high-impact research that links lab and naturalistic assessments to understand the etiology of alcohol use disorders across races. Results will inform future intervention efforts designed to decrease alcohol-related problems experienced by African Americans.