Disinhibition and Acute Response to Alcohol in European and African Americans

描述(由申请者提供)：这个有指导的研究科学家发展奖(K01)的总体目标是提供一个为期5年的职业发展和研究计划，使候选人能够对非裔美国人的酒精中毒风险过程进行创新研究。与欧洲裔美国人相比，非洲裔美国人更有可能戒酒。然而，在饮酒的人中，非裔美国人比欧洲裔美国人更有可能遇到问题。拟议的项目将通过利用实验室和自然主义评估来研究这种差异，以检查两个被广泛研究的酒精使用障碍的风险因素的种族差异：对酒精的反应和行为去抑制。研究参与者将从一组在行为去抑制方面具有最大变异性的年轻人中挑选出来：有(或没有)注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)病史的成年人。自然主义评估的加入将增加研究结果的生态有效性，这在研究种族群体差异时尤为重要。参与者将从正在进行的ADHD儿童纵向研究中招募(PI：Molina；AA11873；DA85553；MH53554)。将招募偶数数量的欧洲人(n=60)和非裔美国人(n=60)成年饮酒者，并将其与最近的饮酒行为进行种族匹配。有和没有ADHD病史的参与者将被招募到偶数个数字。参与者将在两个实验室环节(酒精和非酒精饮料对照)和问卷中完成3项行为去抑制任务。在饮酒后，对酒精的反应将被评估7次。然后，参与者将在其自然环境中完成为期10天的生态瞬时评估期。它会在一天中对随机提示做出反应，报告情绪、危险的决策和环境。参与者还将在饮酒时发起反应，以捕捉对酒精的主观反应和饮酒的后果。6个月后将进行后续评估。这项拟议的项目有三个具体的研究目标：1)测试酒精急性反应的种族差异。2)测试清醒和醉酒时行为去抑制的种族差异。3)研究对酒精的急性反应和醉酒行为去抑制之间的联系的种族差异；纳入可能促进这种联系的特定背景因素。候选人将接受关于行为解除抑制的多模式评估、生态瞬时评估技术、高级统计学和强调非裔美国人文化的多元文化培训的深入培训。完成后，候选人将准备进行高影响力的研究，将实验室和自然主义评估联系起来，以了解跨种族酒精使用障碍的病因。结果将为未来旨在减少非裔美国人经历的与酒精相关的问题的干预努力提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching aim of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to provide a 5-year career development and research program that will enable the candidate to conduct innovative research on the alcoholism risk process of African Americans. African Americans are more likely to abstain from alcohol compared to European Americans. However, among those who drink alcohol, African Americans are more likely than European Americans to experience problems. The proposed project will study this discrepancy by utilizing laboratory and naturalistic assessments to examine racial differences in two widely studied risk factors for alcohol use disorders: response to alcohol and behavioral disinhibition. Research participants will be drawn from a population of young adults with maximal variability in behavioral disinhibition: adults with (and without) histories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The addition of naturalistic assessments will increase the ecological validity of the findings which is especially important when studying racial group differences. Participants will be recruited from ongoing longitudinal studies of children with ADHD (PI: Molina; AA11873; DA85553; MH53554). An even number of European (n = 60) and African American (n = 60) adult drinkers will be recruited and matched across race on recent drinking behavior. An even number of participants with and without ADHD histories will be recruited. Participants will complete 3 behavioral disinhibition tasks in two laboratory sessions (alcohol and non-alcohol beverage control) and questionnaires. Response to alcohol will be assessed 7 times after alcohol consumption. Participants will then complete a 10- day ecological momentary assessment period in their natural environment. T hey will respond to random prompts throughout the day to report mood, risky decision making, and environment. Participants will also initiate responding upon drinking alcohol to capture subjective response to alcohol and consequences of alcohol use. Follow-up assessments will be conducted 6 months later. The proposed project has three specific research aims: 1) Test racial differences in acute response to alcohol. 2) Test racial differences in behavioral disinhibition while sober and intoxicated. 3) Examine racial differences in the association between acute response to alcohol and intoxicated behavioral disinhibition; incorporate context-specific factors that may facilitate this association. The candidate will receive in-depth trainingin the multi-modal assessment of behavioral disinhibition, ecological momentary assessment techniques, advanced statistics, and multi-cultural training with an emphasis on the African American culture. Upon completion, the candidate will be poised to conduct high-impact research that links lab and naturalistic assessments to understand the etiology of alcohol use disorders across races. Results will inform future intervention efforts designed to decrease alcohol-related problems experienced by African Americans.