Latent Growth Curve Models of Cognitive Aging

描述（由申请人提供）：本续期申请寻求三年的持续支持，以调查与年龄相关的认知变化与健康、健康行为和残疾指标之间的联系，这些指标是在美国人口中具有全国代表性的社区居住受访者样本中进行的。所使用的数据来自1992-2006年健康与退休研究（MRS）的全国小组研究，研究对象是1900年之前至1954年出生的男性和女性。本项目是R01的延续，重点关注年龄梯度、队列效应和学校教育在几波MRS样本中评估的认知状态测量中的作用。我们建议使用包含另外两波重复测量的MRS样本，并将我们先前的重点扩展到与年龄相关的认知评分、慢性疾病、生活方式行为和功能残疾状态之间的联系，并按性别和种族/民族调查这些问题。非裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人的过量样本使这成为可能。使用生长建模技术，可以分析这些群体从大约50岁到100岁的衰老过程，以便：(1)通过对具有全国代表性的中老年人样本的认知表现进行更广泛的纵向评估，确认一系列认知表现测量中与年龄相关的变化模式；(2)确定中老年人的认知变化模式以及相关变量的变化在性别和种族/民族之间的差异；(3)检验由慢性疾病（如II型糖尿病、高血压和中风）定义的群体的认知功能变化与年龄相关轨迹的假设；(4)检验各种生活方式行为（如饮酒、吸烟、肥胖和久坐行为）的认知变化与年龄相关轨迹的假设；(5)检查与其他年龄相关结果的相关变化模型，例如，身体健康、心理健康和日常生活活动（即功能状态）；(6)评估其他时间信息指标的认知变化模型，特别是与死亡率有关的认知变化，例如，对死亡前时间或预期寿命指标的认知变化；(7)探索一系列方法论问题，例如，选择问题，重新测试效果，处理地板效应的审查回归模型，以及概念化变化的其他模型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This renewal application seeks three years of continuing support for an investigation of the linkage between age-related cognitive change and indicators of health, health behaviors and disability in a set of nationally representative samples of community dwelling respondents in the U.S. population. The data used were obtained from the 1992-2006 Health and Retirement Study (MRS) national panel study of men and women in birth cohorts born pre-1900 through 1954. This project is a continuation of an R01 focusing on age-gradients, cohort effects, and the role of schooling for measures of cognitive status assessed in the MRS samples over several waves. We propose to use an MRS sample that includes two additional waves of repeated measures and to extend our prior focus to links between age-related cognitive scores, chronic disease, lifestyle behaviors, and functional disability status, and to investigate these issues by sex and race/ethnicity. Over-samples of African-American and Hispanic-American populations make this possible. The use of growth modeling techniques permits the analysis of the processes of aging from approximately age 50 to 100 in these groups to: (1) confirm patterns of age-related change across a range of cognitive performance measures using more extensive longitudinal assessments of cognitive performance in nationally representative samples of middle-aged and older adults; (2) determine how patterns of cognitive change, as well as change in related variables, differ by sex and race/ethnicity in middle-aged and older adults; (3) test hypotheses regarding age-related trajectories of change in cognitive functioning for groups defined by chronic disease, e.g., Type II diabetes, hypertension and stroke; (4) test hypotheses regarding age-related trajectories of cognitive change for various lifestyle behaviors, e.g., alcohol use, cigarette smoking, obesity, and sedentary behaviors; (5) examine models of correlated change with other age-linked outcomes, e.g., physical health, mental health, and activities of daily living (i.e., functional status); (6) assess models of cognitive change in other time-informative metrics, specifically, cognitive change with respect to mortality, e.g., cognitive change in the metric of time until death, or life expectancy; and (7) explore a range of methodological issues, e.g., selection issues, retest effects, censored regression models to handle floor effects, and other models for conceptualizing change.