IMPROVING EFFECTIVE DESIGN AND TARGETING OF SUBSTANCE AUBSE PREVENT MESSAGES

预防或减少青年人使用或滥用药物的干预措施很少， 无效。这是不幸的，因为年轻人是各种各样的最频繁的用户之一。 物质，包括大麻，酒精和各种非法物质。大多数药物滥用预防 干预措施在很大程度上忽视了基于生物学的倾向， 危险行为，包括物质使用，并参加和应对某些类型的干预 充分和传播这个项目建立在我们以前的工作，使用感觉寻求目标和定制的消息 旨在减少物质使用和危险的性行为，具体来说，建立在新兴的研究， 在中心的基础上，我们将感觉寻求分解为奖赏寻求和抑制两个组成部分。 借鉴最近在消息定向和定制方面的进展，我们超越了以前的工作， 信息感觉值包括考虑信息框架和恐惧对信息的影响 有效性本提案提供并测试了一个通用的消息有效性模型， 考虑个体差异之间的相互作用（即，奖励寻求和抑制）和信息 特性（即，信息感知价值、框架和恐惧）。该模型在三项研究中进行测试， 公共服务公告（PSA），这是我们团队拥有丰富经验的干预模式。 本研究的目的有四：1）考察高、低感觉价值（HSV）对被试的说服效果 vs. LSV）对青少年的药物滥用预防信息在奖励寻求和抑制方面有所不同; 2)检查药物滥用信息的两个基于情感的维度的说服效果： 信息框架（增益与损失框架[GF与LF]）和恐惧（高与低威胁[HT与LT]）对年轻人的影响 成年人在寻求奖励和抑制方面的不同程度。3)为了评估在多大程度上 HSV与LSV、GF与LF、LT与HT药物滥用预防的不同说服效果 信息推广到另一个高风险行为，风险性行为;和4）开发和试点测试的有效性 药物滥用预防公共服务公告（PSA）与年轻人谁是高 低抑制，或两者兼而有之。我们建议通过三项研究来实现这些目标。 第一个检验了信息感觉价值、框架和恐惧对信息有效性的影响， 公益广告旨在减少大麻的使用作为奖励寻求和抑制的功能;第二个测试 我们的模型的边界使用PSA旨在减少危险的性行为;第三个开始的过程， 根据以前的结果设计最佳有效的PSA。实验结果和 本项目中提出的定性研究可立即应用于一个既定的工作机构， 无论是我们的还是其他人，在发展公益广告的目标是减少大麻的使用。

Interventions to prevent or reduce substance use or abuse among young adults are few and generally not effective. This is unfortunate, as young adults are among the most frequent users of a varietyof substances, including marijuana, alcohol, and various illicit substances. Most substance abuse preventive interventions have largely ignored biologically-basedpredispositions that lead individuals both to engage in risky behaviors including substance use and to attend and respond to certain kinds of intervention messages. This project builds on our previous work using sensation seeking to target and tailor messages aimed at reducing substance use and risky sexual behavior, Specifically, building on emerging research from the Center, wedecompose sensation seeking into its component parts of reward-seeking and inhibition. Drawing on recent advances in message targeting and tailoring, we move beyond our previous work on message sensation value to include consideration of the influence of message framing and fear on message effectiveness. The present proposal offers and tests a general model of message effectivenessthat considers the interaction between individual differences (i.e., reward seeking and inhibition) and message characteristics (i.e., message sensation value, framing, and fear). The model is tested in three studies using public service announcements (PSA), an intervention mode with which our team has extensive experience. There are four specific aims: 1) To examine the persuasive effects of high vs. low sensation value (HSV vs. LSV) substance abuse prevention messages on young adults varying in reward seeking and inhibition; 2) To examine the persuasive effects of two emotion-based dimensions of substance abuse messages: message framing (gain vs. loss-framed [GF vs. LF]) and fear (high vs. low threat [HT vs. LT]) on young adults varying in their levels of reward seeking and inhibition.; 3) To assess the extent to which the differential persuasive effects of HSV vs. LSV, GF vs. LF, and LT vs. HT substance abuse prevention messages generalize to another high-risk behavior, risky sex; and 4) Develop and pilot-test the effectiveness of substance abuse prevention public service announcements (PSAs) with young adults who are either high in reward seeking, low in inhibition, or both. We propose to accomplish these aims through three studies. The first examines the impact of message sensation value, framing, and fear on message effectiveness for PSAs aimed at reducing marijuana use as a function of reward seeking and inhibition; the second tests the boundaries of our model using PSAs aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior; the third begins the process of designing optimally effective PSAs based on previous results. Outcomes from the experiments and qualitative studies proposed in this project may be immediately applied to an established body of work, both ours and others, in the development of PSAs that are targeted at the reduction of marijuana use.