COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS THROUGH IMPROVED LOCAL DECISION MAKING

在英国，极端天气事件(母羊)的频率和严重性都在增加。当地社区应对短期和长期影响并从后果中恢复的能力对其繁荣至关重要。虽然保护生命的直接责任在于紧急服务和恢复公用事业的基本服务，但当地社区的中短期成功在于构成社区的个人、企业(主要是中小型企业/中小企业)和当地决策者。虽然这些群体中的每一个都会受到不同的影响(取决于母羊的类型)，但他们的联合行动将决定社区的适应能力。政策制定者必须了解家庭和中小企业的期望，并制定支持这些群体的政策工具，以同情他们的需要和愿望；家庭所有者和当地企业必须意识到他们受到母羊影响的影响，以及他们可以从当地机构获得的援助的来源和程度；中小企业必须为母羊可能带来的干扰做好准备，并制定应急计划，以帮助它们立即恢复(并确保它们能够支持家庭的恢复)和确保它们的长期生存。这个项目的挑战是了解每一组决策者如何受到母羊的影响并对其做出反应，并确定他们的决策之间的协同效应和影响社区复原力的冲突。这项研究的目的是建立一个综合决策框架，支持当地决策者、家庭和中小企业的个人和集体行动，从而提高当地社区对母羊的复原力。

In the UK extreme weather events (EWEs) are increasing in frequency and severity. The ability of local communities to cope with the immediate to long term impacts and recover from the aftermath is critical to their prosperity. Whilst the immediate responsibility for protection of life resides with the emergency services, and the restoration of basic services with the utilities, the short to medium term success of the local community resides with the individuals, businesses (predominately small and medium sized enterprises / SMEs) and local policy makers that constitute the community. Whilst each of these groups will be affected in different ways (depending on the type of EWE), it is their combined actions that will determine the resilience of the community. Policy makers must be aware of the expectations of households and SMEs and develop policy instruments that support these groups in ways that are sympathetic to their needs and aspirations; householders and local business must be aware of their exposure to the effects of EWEs and of the sources and level of assistance that they can expect from local agencies; SMEs must be prepared for the disruption that an EWE can bring and have contingency plans in place to help their immediate recovery (and ensure that they are able to support households in their recovery) and to secure their long term survival. The challenges for this project are to understand how each group of decision makers is affected by and respond to EWEs, and to identify the synergies and conflicts between their decisions that affect community resilience. The aim of the research is to develop an integrated decision making framework that supports the individual and collective actions of local policy makers, households and SMEs, in such a way that the actions result in the improved resilience of local communities to EWEs.