Techniques for the Characterisation of Engine Exhaust Particulate Matter

研究的意义和潜力该项目的动机是需要表征燃烧产生的颗粒物(PM)，出于健康考虑，立法，以及需要有数据用于模型验证。新的增强型热重分析(ETGA)技术将避开传统热重分析(TGA)中对热分解的关注，并提供关于燃烧产生的颗粒物(PM)的表面积和孔大小的额外数据。通过划分过滤样品、增强热重分析(ETGA)、传统热重分析(TGA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱(RS)均可用于同一样品。这将提供以下信息：元素碳/有机碳比率、活性表面积和孔大小，以及喷雾引导直接喷射(SGDI)工程中颗粒物的组成和结构。合作该项目的另一个目的是通过使莱恩教授能够在牛津工作来促进国际合作。牛津集团与多所大学有密切联系，并与福特、壳牌和捷豹有密切联系。来自SGDI发动机的数据已经被提供给剑桥大学的Markus Kraft，他在燃烧产生的颗粒物的形成建模方面处于领先地位。计划和管理贝格布罗克材料表征设施的经理(Alison Crossley博士)对这一建议非常积极，并在开发增强型热重分析(ETGA)的想法方面发挥了非常大的帮助。新奇和RiskX-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱(RS)都是成熟的技术，尽管这些技术还没有被认为应用于SGDI发动机的颗粒物。在两个SGDI发动机都不能运行的不太可能的情况下，那么可以从一个喷射汽油发动机收集尾气(两个智能汽车发动机安装了全面的仪表)。增强型热重分析(ETGA)可能不会以设想的方式工作，如果是这样的话，失败的原因仍然值得报告。资源主要用于支付莱恩教授的开支和工资补贴(用于支付较高的英国生活成本)，但奥克兰大学将继续支付他的工资和国际旅行费用。另一项主要费用是使用材料检测设施，但这些费用将按内部费率收取。

Significance and Potential of the ResearchThe project is motivated by the need to characterise particulate matter (PM) generated by combustion, because of health concerns, legislation, and the need to have data for model validation.The new technique of Enhanced Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (ETGA) will side-step concerns about thermal decomposition in conventional Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and provide additional data on the surface area and pore sizes of combustion generated particulate matter (PM).By dividing the filter sample, Enhanced Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (ETGA), conventional Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS) can all be applied to the same sample. This will provide information on the: the elemental carbon/organic carbon ratio, the active surface area and the pore sizes, and the composition and structure of particulate matter from a Spray Guided Direct Injection (SGDI) Engine.CollaborationAn additional purpose of this project is to promote international collaboration by enabling Prof Raine to work at Oxford. The Oxford group have close links with several universities and close contact with Ford, Shell and Jaguar. Data from an SGDI engine have already been supplied to Markus Kraft at Cambridge, who is at the forefront of modelling the formation of combustion generated particulate matter.Planning & ManagementThe manager of the Begbroke Materials Characterisation Facility (Dr Alison Crossley) is very positive about this proposal, and has already been very helpful in developing the ideas for Enhanced Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (ETGA). Novelty and RiskX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS) are established techniques, albeit ones that are not thought to have been applied to particulate matter from an SGDI engine. In the unlikely event that neither SGDI engine is operational, then emissions can be collected from a port injection gasoline engine (2 SMART Car engines are installed with comprehensive instrumentation). Enhanced Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (ETGA) may not work in the way envisaged, and if this is the case, then the reasons for the failure would none the less be worth reporting. ResourcesThe main costs are associated with expenses and a salary supplement (for the higher UK living costs) for Prof Raine, but the University of Auckland will continue to pay his salary and the cost of his international travel. The other major cost is for the use of the materials testing facilities, but these will be charged at an internal rate.