Model-Driven Development of User Interfaces for Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

对于现代信息和通信技术产品，可用性以及人与系统的关系已成为成功的关键因素。与此同时，产品开发的时间压力也在增加。这种双重压力对于提供多媒体界面和集成用户交互创新技术的产品尤其重要。考虑到系统和软件开发的最新技术水平，已经提出了许多技术来应对上述挑战。关于面向用户的系统，有以用户为中心的开发方法，这有助于提高可用性，通过开发迭代改进的原型，并从早期阶段涉及最终用户。然而，对开发效率的积极影响往往被声称，但很难在实践中证明。在基于原型的开发中，软件结构和可维护性有明显的危险。以用户为中心的设计是开发创新用户界面技术的首选风格，如普适计算。另一方面，存在模型驱动开发的范例，其承诺通过从高级规范或多或少地自动导出程序代码来优化开发效率和优化产品质量。然而，这种方法通常不适应可用性问题，因为主流的方法不考虑用户界面consider.In这项研究中，我们将分析模型支持的接口开发在三个具体的案例研究无处不在的计算项目：-尼莫：研究增强与工作相关的物体，如具有嵌入式计算、传感和无线通信能力的工具和容器，以新的方式与人类操作员和组织进行交互-eCampus：兰开斯特大学校园内公共显示器的研究网络-Multitag：基于近场通信和对象增强探索与物理对象的移动的交互使用多个标签和标签阵列。

For modern products of information and communication technology, usability and generally the relationship of humans operating with systems, have become a key important factor of success. In parallel to this development, time pressure on product developments is increasing as well. This dual pressure is particularly relevant for products that offer multimedia interfaces and integrate innovative technologies for user interaction.Considering the state of art in the development of systems and software, many technologies have been proposed to respond to the above-mentioned challenge. Regarding the user-orientation of systems, there are user-centric development approaches, which contribute to improve the usability by developing iteratively improved prototypes and involving end users from early stages on. However, positive effects on development efficiency have often been claimed but are difficult to prove in practice. There is a clear danger that software structure and therefore maintainability deteriorates in prototype-based development. User-centric design is the preferred style of development for innovative user interface technologies as in ubiquitous computing. On the other hand, there is the paradigm of model-driven development, which promises to optimize development efficiency and optimize product quality by more or less automatic derivation of program code from high-level specifications. This approach, however, generally does not accommodate usability concerns since the mainstream approaches do not take user interfaces into account.In this research we will analyse model support for interface development in three concrete case studies of ubiquitous computing projects: - Nemo: investigating augmentation of work-related objects such as tools and containers with embedded computing, sensing and wireless communication capabilities, to interface in new ways with human operators and organisations- eCampus: a research network of public displays on the Lancaster University campus- Multitag: exploring mobile interaction with physical objects based on near-field communication and object-augmentation with multiple tags and tag arrays.