Defining virtual reality driving in TBI

描述（由申请人提供）：使用虚拟现实（VR）模拟是一种有前途的和相对较新的方法来评估神经损害患者的驾驶能力。VR模拟允许呈现交互式的“真实世界”驾驶场景，可用于以安全但具有挑战性的方式客观评估驾驶能力；临床医生在经济上也可以使用许多系统。一些康复方面的研究已经开始证明这项技术的潜在效用。虽然对康复医学领域来说是一个新领域，但驾驶模拟在交通文献中有一个适度的研究历史，主要集中在保真度，有效性问题以及用于培训，技术和避免碰撞研究的先进驾驶模拟器的开发。尽管两方面的研究目标不同，但本文献的研究结果对VR驾驶模拟的康复应用有很大的帮助。例如，临床VR驾驶模拟器主要依赖于驾驶性能的基本测量，而没有整合交通文献中提供的经验证据。本研究的总体目标是采用多学科方法，将这两个领域的研究结果结合起来，开发出一种VR驾驶模拟器，该模拟器可以生成既具有临床相关性又具有经验基础的测量值。为了实现这一目标，拟议的项目汇集了交通和临床专业知识，这些专业知识已经从以前的工作中收集了知识，以确定拟议研究的新的VR驾驶性能指标。建议的工作包括：1)开发阶段，用于VR驾驶模拟器和仪表车辆的最终编程和开发；2)研究阶段，通过将性能与仪表车辆的实际驾驶进行比较，验证VR驾驶性能指标。此外，该研究将检验VR驾驶措施区分脑损伤和非脑损伤个体驾驶表现的能力。这些目标将通过测试创伤性脑损伤（TBI）个体和匹配的健康对照来实现。所有参与者都将接受VR模拟和道路驾驶课程，其中包括基线条件（标准，不间断）和实验条件（在进行常见活动时驾驶，即使用手机）。其次，所有参与者都将接受VR挑战驾驶，参与者将面临两种危险的驾驶场景。分析了模拟测量值与实际测量值之间的一致性，并在群体和个人水平上对驾驶性能进行了比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of virtual reality (VR) simulation is a promising and relatively recent approach for evaluating driving capacity among persons with neurological compromise. VR simulation allows the presentation of interactive, "real world" driving scenarios that can be used to objectively assess driving capacity, in a safe but challenging manner; many systems are also financially accessible to clinicians. A handful of studies in rehabilitation, have begun to demonstrate the potential utility of this technology. Although new to the field of rehabilitation medicine, driving simulation has a moderate history of research in the transportation literature, which has focused on issues of fidelity, validity and in the development of advanced driving simulators for training, technology and crash avoidance research. Although both lines of research differ in their objectives, the findings from this literature have much to offer the rehabilitation application of VR driving simulation. For example, clinical VR driving simulators have predominantly relied on basic measures of driving performance that do not integrate the empirical evidence offered from the transportation literature. The overarching goal of this study is to use a multidisciplinary approach to combine findings from these two fields to develop a VR driving simulator that generates measures that are both clinically relevant and empirically based. To achieve this, the proposed project brings together both transportation and clinical expertise, which has compiled knowledge from previous work to identify new VR driving performance measures for the proposed study. The proposed work includes 1) Development Phase, for final programming and development of the VR driving simulator and the instrumented vehicle and 2) Research Phase, to validate the VR driving performance measures by comparing performance to on-road driving with an instrumented vehicle. Additionally, the study will examine the ability of the VR driving measures to discriminate driving performance of individuals with and without brain injury. These objectives will be achieved by testing individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and matched healthy controls. All participants will receive a VR simulation and on-road driving session, which will include a baseline condition (standard, non-interrupted) condition and an experimental (driving while performing common activities, i.e. using a cell phone) condition. Second, all participants will be administered a VR challenge drive, where participants will be exposed to two hazardous driving scenarios. Analysis of concordance between measures of simulated and on- road, and to comparison of driving performance at both the group and individual level are planned.