Multiple Systems of Categorization in Humans and Nonhumans

人类和非人类灵长类动物的多种分类系统 范畴学习是人类和非人类动物的一项基本认知功能，是人类和动物研究的热点。拟议的研究将在许多方面整合这些研究传统。它将1)创建范式，使人类和动物的分类可以进行密切的比较；2)将人类文献的建设性发展延伸到灵长类文献；3)描述人类进化而来的范畴学习系统；4)跨越灵长类系统发育的时间深度追踪分类的发展；5)评估灵长类分类的多系统结构；6)评估灵长类使用明确的、基于规则的分类系统的程度；7)询问灵长类是否像人类那样对其类别和刺激进行维度划分；8)探索灵长类在以下领域的外显认知 维度规则和假设；9)为灵长类的陈述性认知打开了一扇新的窗口。这项研究还将提供一些首批研究，评估动物在缺乏即时的逐个试验反馈的情况下维持分类的能力，自我指导的能力，将它们的试验到试验的表现与明确的规则联系起来的能力，以及宣布它们正在使用的规则的能力。这些能力是人类在线认知的关键方面。这项研究还参与并推进了关于强化作为动物学习中的约束力的辩论。 这项研究将通过包括第一个研究来促进对人类分类的理解：1)分析外显和内隐分类系统之间的相互作用和竞争；2)评估跨通道、内隐和外显类别学习。这项研究还将通过研究打破这种联系的非语言物种，挑战基于规则的认知和动词化/语言之间的随意理论联系。这项研究将促进比较、认知和神经科学研究人员之间的对话，允许将人类和动物的分类能力和局限性的比较与服务于类别学习的大脑系统的差异发展相关联。

MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OF CATEGORIZATION IN HUMANS AND NONHUMAN PRIMATES Category learning is a basic cognitive function for humans and nonhuman animals and a focus in human and animal research. The proposed research would integrate these research traditions in many ways. It would 1) create paradigms that let human and animal categorization be closely compared; 2) extend to the primate literature constructive developments in the human literature; 3) describe the category-learning system from which that of humans evolved; 4) trace the development of categorization across a time depth of primate phylogeny; 5) evaluate the multiple-systems structure of primate categorization; 6) evaluate the extent to which primates use an explicit, rule-based categorization system; 7) ask whether primates dimensionalize their categories and stimuli as humans do; 8) explore explicit cognition by primates in the domain of dimensional rules and hypotheses; and 9) open a new window on primates' declarative cognition. The research will also provide some of the first studies evaluating animals' capacity to sustain categorization in the absence of immediate, trial-by-trial feedback, to self-instruct, to bridge their trial-to-trial performance with explicit rules, and to declare the rule they are using. These capacities are critical aspects of humans' on-line cognition. The research also engages and advances the debate about reinforcement as the binding force in animal learning. The research will advance the understanding of human categorization by including the first studies that 1) analyze the interaction and competition between explicit and implicit systems of categorization; and 2) evaluate cross-modal implicit and explicit category learning. The research will also challenge the casual theoretical link made between rule-based cognition and verbalization/language, by studying nonverbal species in which that link is broken. The research will foster a dialog among comparative, cognitive, and neuroscience researchers, by allowing the comparison of human and animal categorization abilities and limitations to be correlated with the differential development of the brain systems that serve category learning.