Mechanisms ensuring sister kinetochore bi-orientation on the mitotic spindle

要从单个细胞(受精卵)形成人体，必须进行大量的细胞分裂。人类细胞将其遗传信息存储在46个称为染色体的结构中。为了保持这种遗传信息，所有的染色体都必须被精确复制，每个子细胞在每次细胞分裂时都必须收到每个染色体的一个副本。这一过程的失败可能会导致癌症和基因异常。我们研究项目的目的是阐明子代细胞正确遗传所有染色体的基本机制。由于这种机制在酵母和人类细胞中类似，我们将使用酵母作为我们的研究材料。在我们的研究中，酵母与人类细胞相比具有许多优势，例如，已经系统地研究了酵母细胞中所有蛋白质的作用，已经确定了许多突变，并且可以很容易地设计染色体来适应我们的实验。我们将利用显微镜和生化方法，研究细胞分裂过程中染色体分离的机制。这些基本机制的揭示将有助于我们了解各种人类疾病是如何发展的。

To make a human body from a single cell (a fertilized egg), an enormous number of cell divisions must take place. Human cells store their genetic information within 46 structures called chromosomes. To maintain this genetic information, all chromosomes must be precisely copied and each daughter cell must receive one copy of each chromosome upon each cell division. Failure in this process may cause cancers and genetic abnormalities. The aim of our research project is to clarify the fundamental mechanisms by which all chromosomes are properly inherited by daughter cells. Because such mechanisms are similar in yeast and human cells, we will use yeast as our research material. Yeast has a number of advantages over human cells for our study, for instance the roles of all proteins in the yeast cell have been systematically studied, many mutants have been identified and chromosomes can be easily engineered to suit our experiments. By using microscopy and biochemical methods, we will study the mechanisms of chromosome separation during cell divisions. Revelation of these fundamental mechanisms will help us to understand how various human diseases develop.