IMMUNE MODULATION AND RESTORATION IN HIV-1 INFECTION

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 大约有4000万人感染了艾滋病毒-1。在世界范围内，33%的艾滋病毒患者患有慢性丙型肝炎病毒(丙型肝炎病毒)，10%的艾滋病毒感染者也患有慢性乙肝(乙肝)。几乎90%的静脉注射吸毒者患有艾滋病毒/丙型肝炎病毒混合感染。这一建议的意义在于缺乏适当的乙肝和丙型肝炎的动物模型，以及艾滋病毒-1、2和肝炎病毒的混合感染，这代表了人类的真实情况。这两种感染的组合与HIV-1感染人群中的一种重大医疗并发症有关。 丙型肝炎病毒、乙肝病毒和艾滋病毒感染都是人类感染，在啮齿动物身上无法区分。因此，只有将小鼠与人的免疫系统进行重组，其中小鼠的肝脏中有人的肝细胞，才能创建一个足够的模型来研究人类对病毒抗原的免疫反应，从而为疫苗的开发提供一个很好的工具。这种独特的啮齿动物模型允许产生以前只能在病毒感染患者中获得的数据，限制了进一步人类研究的必要性。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Approximately 40 million are infected with HIV-1. Worldwide 33% of HIV patients have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 10% of the HIV-infected population also have chronic hepatitis B (HBV). Almost 90% of intravenous drug users have HIV/HCV co-infection. The significance of such a proposal relates to the absence of an adequate animal model of hepatitis B and C, and co-infection of HIV-1,2 and hepatitis viruses, which represent the real situation in humans. The combination of two infections is related to a significant medical complication in the HIV-1-infected population. HCV, HBV and HIV infections are human infections, which cannot be distinguished in rodents. Thus, only by reconstitution of a mouse with a human immune system where the mouse liver has human hepatocytes will create an adequate model to study human immune response to viral antigens, thereby providing an excellent tool for vaccine development. This unique rodent model allows generation of data that previously could be obtained only in virally infected patients, limiting the necessity of further human studies.