The Geography of Violence and alcohol in Boston

描述（由申请人提供）：这里提出的研究将使用档案数据和多层次/层次空间建模来研究波士顿市随着时间的推移酒精出口和暴力的地理位置。我们将确定是否以及如何在酒精出口（类型和密度）和暴力之间的关系的问题。使用10年的数据（1996-2006年）来自波士顿紧急医疗服务（EMS）、EMS患者护理数据、美国人口普查数据、马萨诸塞州酒精饮料控制委员会（MABCC）关于酒精出口类型和位置的数据以及波士顿警方关于毒品的记录相关逮捕，我们将调查以下具体目标：1）在波士顿地区，随着时间的推移（1996-2006年），使用空间回归从地理上确定穿透性创伤的热点。日期，时间，外伤类型。制作相关地图。2)确定穿透伤的地理位置是否与（EMS收件地点）和酒类销售点（类型和密度），以及这是否随时间而变化，并因其与社会不利因素和酒精供应的关系而变化/缓和：a）确定酒精密度和穿透性创伤的热点; B）确定零售毒品活动是否改变了酒精出口和穿透性创伤率之间的关系。3)确定，符合利基理论，如果有暴力热点地区与更多类型的酒精出口。也将评估社会解体作为这种关系的混杂因素和/或修饰因素的作用。该项目的目标是确定以地点为基础的环境措施，如酒类销售点和毒品市场与暴力发生率之间的关系。我们将检查随时间的变化，包括毒品市场位置的变化（由代理人，毒品逮捕地点测量）。整体方法是由利基和社会解体理论，其中，密度和类型的酒精出口可以允许一系列的出口选择，分层的饮酒者到亚组，并提供一个地方的问题饮酒发生。从这项研究中获得的信息可以帮助更好地为公共卫生和有关酒精出口分区，广告和执法的政策决策提供信息。 公共卫生相关性：该项目的目标是确定以地点为基础的环境措施，如酒类销售点和毒品市场与暴力发生率之间的关系。从这项研究中获得的信息可以帮助更好地为公共卫生和有关酒精出口分区，广告和执法的政策决策提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research proposed here will use archival data and multi-level/hierarchal spatial modeling to examine the geography of alcohol outlets and violence, over time, in the city of Boston. We will determine whether and how place matters in regard to the relationship between alcohol outlet (type and density) and violence. Using 10 years of data (1996-2006) from the Boston emergency medical services (EMS), EMS patient care data, US census data, Massachusetts alcohol beverage control commissions (MABCC) data on alcohol outlet type and location and Boston police records on drug related arrests, we will investigate the following specific aims: 1) Geographically determine hot spots using spatial regression, over time, (1996-2006) of penetrating trauma, in the Boston area. Date, time, type of trauma. Produce related maps. 2) Determine if there is a relationship between geographic location of penetrating trauma (place of EMS pickup) and alcohol outlets (type and density) and whether this changes over time and varies/is moderated by its relation to measures of social disadvantage and alcohol availability: a) identify hotspots of alcohol density and penetrating trauma; b) determine if retail drug activity modifies the relationship between alcohol outlets and rates of penetrating trauma. 3) Determine, consistent with niche theory, if there are violence hot spot areas with more types of alcohol outlets. The role of social disorganization as a confounder and/or modifier of this relationship will also be assessed. The goal of this project is to determine how place based, environmental measures such as alcohol outlets and drug markets are related to rates of violence. We will examine changes overtime and include changes in drug market locations (as measured by the proxy, drug arrest locations). The overall approach is informed by niche and social disorganization theory in which, density and type of alcohol outlets may allow for a range of outlet choices, the stratification of drinkers into subgroups and provide a place for problem drinking to occur. Information obtained from this research could help better inform public health and policy decisions regarding alcohol outlet zoning, advertising and law enforcement. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this project is to determine how place-based environmental measures such as alcohol outlets and drug markets are related to rates of violence. Information obtained from this research could help better inform public health and policy decisions regarding alcohol outlet zoning, advertising and law enforcement.