EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON EMPATHY

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 黑猩猩安慰被攻击的受害者。如果另一只黑猩猩在打斗中受伤，它们会走近，并用胳膊搂住它们。他们还提供有针对性的帮助，为其他人提供他们需要的帮助，比如救他们免于溺水或支持受伤的同伴。一些研究人员认为，在最近的进化史中不太可能出现同理心。事实上，有实验证据表明，情感在其他动物中也会传染，比如老鼠和猴子。对我们的近亲类人猿的研究尤其丰富，这表明与猴子相比，人类具有更聪明的同理心。 目前的研究完全是行为学的，包括观察和实验两部分。观察黑猩猩在两个社会群体中的自发行为，以衡量社会对受伤或痛苦的个人的反应，例如输掉战斗的个人。 我们正在分析超过15年的计算机记录，我们预计其中包括大约5000起黑猩猩的攻击性事件。该项目的实验部分试图测试对视频上的社交序列的反应，特别是序列的首选结果，其结果可能从攻击升级到其他人向攻击受害者提供的安慰。 这项研究涉及六只训练有素的黑猩猩，它们过去曾被用来完成计算机化(操纵杆介导的)任务。他们在电脑屏幕上选择图像，我们测量他们喜欢什么样的情感内容或结果。总体目标是看看他们是否关心别人的遭遇。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Chimpanzees console victims of attack. If another chimpanzee has been hurt in a fight, they will approach, and put an arm around them. They also show targeted help in which they provide others with assistance they need, such as saving them from drowning or supporting an injured companion. Several investigators have considered it unlikely that empathy arose in recent evolutionary history. Indeed, there is experimental evidence for emotional contagion in other animals, such as rats and monkeys. Studies on our closest relatives, the anthropoid apes, are particularly rich, suggesting more intelligent forms of empathy than in monkeys. The present study is entirely behavioral, with both an observational and experimental component. Observations of spontaneous behavior among chimpanzees in two social groups to measure social responses to hurt or distressed individuals, such as individuals who have lost a fight. More than fifteen years of computer records are being analyzed, which we expect to include about 5,000 aggressive incidents among the chimpanzees. The experimental component of the project seeks to test responses to social sequences on video, particularly the preferred outcome of sequences, which outcomes may range from escalation of aggression to reassurance provided by others to a victim of attack. This study involves six well-trained chimpanzees that have been used in the past in computerized (joystick mediated) tasks. They select images on a computer screen, and we measure what kind of emotional contents or outcomes they prefer. The overall objective is to see if they care about what happens to others or not.