A Carbon and transient tracer measurement programme in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean under Oceans 2025

海洋起着蓄热体、交换器和传送器的作用，在超过几天的时间尺度上，有必要考虑它们的影响，以便预测天气或气候。在几年甚至几个世纪的时间里，它们也是我们目前释放到大气中的大部分碳的汇：热量和碳预算实际上是密切相关的。自工业革命以来，海洋吸收了近一半累积的化石燃料排放，如果没有工业革命，大气含量将比今天高出约60ppm。因此，海洋对碳的吸收大大减缓了人类引起的气候变化的速度。2025年海洋提案的主题1包括一项旨在研究大规模海洋环流对气候的作用的方案，重点是大西洋和南大洋的颠覆环流。一个主要目标，无论是作为一种科学产品本身，还是作为更好地了解潜在过程的踏脚石，都是估计新的财产预算和热量、质量、淡水和碳的运输。构成这一基础的新观测是大西洋和南大洋的海洋部分，将由国家海洋委员会及其合作者在2008-2010年间进行。该方案旨在包括碳和化学示踪剂测量，因为这些测量对于提供碳清单至关重要。然而，NOC没有专门的测量专业知识，这项提议是为了资助UEA进行测量。我们已经有证据表明，大西洋和南大洋的碳收支正在迅速变化。我们不知道这在多大程度上是对人类引发的气候变化的反应，也不知道自然发生的变化会有多大。拟议的研究将使必要的观测能够帮助我们记录这种变化，了解其原因，并预测我们正在排放到海洋中的二氧化碳的海洋汇的未来。

The oceans act as a heat reservoir, exchanger and transporter, and on time scales longer than a few days it is necessary to include their influence in order to predict weather or climate. Over times of years to centuries, they are also a sink for much of the carbon we are currently releasing into the atmosphere: the heat and carbon budgets are in fact intimately related. The oceans have absorbed almost half the accumulated fossil fuel emissions since the industrial revolution, without which the atmospheric content would be about 60ppm higher than it is today. Ocean uptake of carbon has therefore slowed the pace of human-induced climate change substantially. Theme 1 of the Oceans 2025 proposal includes a programme aimed at studying the role of the large scale ocean circulation in climate, with a focus on the overturning circulation of the Atlantic and the Southern Oceans. A major aim, both in as a scientific product in itself and as a stepping-stone to better understanding of the underlying processes, is to estimate new property budgets and transports of heat, mass, freshwater, and carbon. The new observations which form the basis for this are ocean sections in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, to be undertaken in the years 2008-2010 by NOC and collaborators. This programme was designed to include carbon and chemical tracer measurements, since these are essential to deliver the carbon inventories. NOC does not have the expertise specialised measurements however, and this proposal is to fund UEA to make them. We already have evidence that the carbon budget of both the Atlantic and Southern Oceans is changing quite rapidly. We do not know to what extent this is a response to human-induced climate change and how much is variation that would occur naturally. The research proposed will enable essential observations to help us document this change, understand its causes, and predict the future of the oceanic sink for the CO2 that we are emitting into the oceans.