The Development of a Noninvasive Monitoring System for Cigarette Smoking

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防性死亡的首要原因。吸烟每年在美国造成超过44万人死亡，估计每年造成1670亿美元与健康有关的经济损失。现有的吸烟评估方法（例如，自我报告、便携式烟雾地形仪器）不允许收集准确的、无反应的吸烟行为测量，这些测量不能捕捉实时吸烟频率和全面的卷烟内烟雾地形。该项目的目标是开发一种非侵入式可穿戴系统（个人自动卷烟追踪器- PACT），对最终用户完全透明，不需要任何良心努力来实现对自由生活个人吸烟行为的可靠监测。在方法上，行动计划将由两个主要部分组成：可穿戴传感器。集成在衣服中的微型传感器将监测个人的呼吸和活动模式。来自传感器的信号将被处理和识别，以识别和客观地描述每个个体的特征。2. 信号处理和模式识别软件。自动计算机软件将分析传感器信号，并检测出识别吸烟事件的独特模式。将提取诸如抽吸次数和抽吸间隔等客观指标。该软件将基于最先进的机器学习方法。PACT系统的开发将有四个具体目标：具体目标1：开发一种可穿戴传感器系统，该系统由集成到传统内衣中的呼吸传感器和集成到手链中的手势传感器组成。具体目标2：从佩戴仪器系统并在实验室条件下进行日常活动（包括吸烟）的个人收集传感器数据。具体目标3：发展模式识别方法，以识别个人的喘息和烟雾吸入。具体目标4：评估可穿戴传感器PACT系统和模式识别方法在自然环境中吸烟人群中的实用性和灵敏度。这组特定目标将验证导致创建一种独特的可穿戴设备，能够客观表征吸烟行为。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in this country and generates an estimated $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses. Available methods of smoking assessment (e.g., self-report, portable puff-topography instruments) do not permit the collection of accurate, non-reactive measures of smoking behavior that capture real-time smoking frequency and comprehensive within-cigarette puff topography. The objective of this project is to develop a non-invasive wearable system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker - PACT) that is completely transparent to the end user and does not require any conscience effort to achieve reliable monitoring of smoking behavior in free living individuals. Methodologically, PACT will consist of two major components: 1. Wearable sensors. Miniature sensors integrated into the clothing will monitors the breathing and activity patterns of individuals. The signals from the sensors will be processed and recognized to identify and objectively characterize each individual puff. 2. Software for signal processing and pattern recognition. Automatic computer software will analyze sensor signals and detect patterns uniquely identifying smoking events. Objective metrics such as number of puffs and inter-puff interval will be extracted. The software will be based on the state-of-art machine learning methods. The development of the PACT system will be addressed in four specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Develop a wearable sensor system comprised of a breathing sensor integrated into conventional underwear and a hand gesture sensor integrated into a hand bracelet. Specific Aim 2: Collect sensor data from individuals wearing the instrumented system and performing everyday activities (including smoking) in laboratory conditions. Specific Aim 3: Develop pattern recognition methods to recognize individual puffs and smoke inhalation. Specific Aim 4: Evaluate the utility and sensitivity of the wearable sensor PACT system and pattern recognition method in people smoking in the natural environment. This set of Specific Aims will validate lead to creation of a unique wearable device capable of objective characterization of smoking behavior. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in this country and generates an estimated $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses. The goal of this research is to develop a non-invasive wearable system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker - PACT) that is completely transparent to the end user and does not require any conscious effort to achieve reliable monitoring of smoking behavior in free living individuals. The PACT device will provide an accurate and precise measure of real-world smoking. The device can provide the user and health professional feedback on the frequency of smoking and inhalation patterns (such as depth of inhalation and smoke holding) throughout the day in their home and community. This information can be used to inform behavioral strategies in smoking cessation programs. The data collected by PACT can also provide an objective method of assessing the effectiveness of behavioral and pharmacological smoking interventions.