Genetic Risk, Pathways to Adulthood, and Health Inequalities

描述(由申请者提供)：该项目将研究遗传因素如何影响一系列行为和社会事件，这些行为和社会事件最终会造成年轻人的健康不平等。这些遗传因素包括与多巴胺能和5-羟色胺能系统相关的等位基因，健康因素包括高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和高胆固醇血症的生物标志物。这项拟议的研究将审查将这些遗传风险因素和健康指标与特别强调教育过程和成就、融入年轻人角色的社会融合以及与健康相关的行为联系起来的社会机制。我们还将审查各种形式的社会资本的保护能力和可能削弱风险途径的控制。数据来自四波全国青少年健康纵向调查(Add Health)，这是一个具有全国代表性的数据集(nH15,600，跨度从11岁到32岁)，其中将包括新发布的遗传数据和健康生物标记物。这种规模的研究将纵向社会数据与生物标本相结合，为研究遗传风险、社会经济成就和与年轻人角色相关的压力源如何与健康不平等的出现联系在一起提供了一个前所未有的机会。首先，我们考察了SES-健康梯度模型，该模型将原籍家庭的社会经济地位、青春期的健康和健康相关行为、青春期的社会经济成就和作用以及健康的生物标记物联系起来。其次，我们将这些模型扩展到检测基因-环境相关性，根据这些相关性，SES-健康梯度过程反映了与多巴胺和5-羟色胺能系统相关的行为倾向。这些分析将描述冥想的社会过程，通过这些过程，神经遗传因素、教育过程和社会角色与健康方面的不平等有关。第三，我们将研究基因-环境的相互作用，根据这一相互作用，尽管存在遗传风险因素，社会资本和控制力仍能促进成年后的幸福感。因此，这些分析将阐明早期健康不平等如何反映遗传和社会因素的纵向相互作用。 公共卫生相关性：公共卫生关乎福祉，世界卫生组织将其定义为“强调社会和个人资源以及身体能力的积极概念”(世卫组织，1986年《渥太华宪章》)。这项拟议的研究将解决遗传和社会经验如何随着时间的推移而结合在一起，促进或损害身体健康，包括心血管疾病的传统标记。这项研究还将调查社会资源(如与父母的密切关系和社区参与)如何弥补遗传风险，否则这些风险将与心血管疾病相关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will examine the ways in which genetic factors influence a cascade of behaviors and social events that ultimately create health inequalities in young adulthood. Such genetic factors include alleles associated with the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and health factors include biomarkers of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. The proposed research will examine social mechanisms that link these genetic risk factors and indicators of health with special emphasis on educational processes and attainment, social integration into young adult roles, and health-related behaviors. We will also examine the protective capacity of forms of social capital and control that may attenuate pathways of risk. Data come from four waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative dataset (nH15,600, spanning ages 11 to 32) that will include newly-released genetic data and biomarkers of health. The combination of longitudinal social data with biological specimens from a study of this size provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine how genetic risks, socioeconomic achievements, and stressors associated with young adult roles are linked to the emergence of health inequalities. First, we examine SES- health gradient models that link socioeconomic status of the family-of-origin, health and health- related behaviors in adolescence, socioeconomic attainments and roles in young adulthood, and biomarkers of health. Second, we extend these models to examine gene-environment correlations according to which SES-health gradient processes reflect behavioral predispositions associated with the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. These analyses will describe the meditational social processes by which neurogenetic factors, educational processes, and social roles are associated with inequalities in health. Third, we will examine gene-environment interactions according to which social capital and control promote well-being in young adulthood despite genetic risk factors. The analyses will thus shed light on how early health inequalities reflect the longitudinal interplay of genetic and social factors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public health concerns well-being, which the World Health Organization defines as "a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities" (WHO, 1986 Ottawa Charter). The proposed research will address how genetic and social experiences come together over time to promote or detract from physical health, including the traditional markers of cardiovascular disease. The research will also investigate how social resources (such as close relationships with parents and community involvements) might compensate for genetic risks that would otherwise be associated with cardiovascular disease.