Intergenerational Determinants of Youth Smoking Trajectories

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的总体目标是增加对怀孕期间母亲吸烟对吸烟代际传播的作用的理解。本研究采用母亲在怀孕前、怀孕期间和出生后的吸烟轨迹数据，结合儿童在青春期前、青春期和青年期的吸烟轨迹数据（例如，吸烟实验、发展到日常使用以及各自的戒烟和/或复发模式），来检查母亲吸烟轨迹对儿童吸烟轨迹的直接、间接和并发影响。本研究运用关于子宫内暴露、基因-环境相互作用、社会分层和文化适应的社会和发展理论，定义并评估了关于母亲吸烟对其子女吸烟轨迹的直接、间接和并发影响的假设。该补充利用了观察到的不同种族/民族和移民一代（外国出生的母亲与本地出生的母亲）在母亲吸烟轨迹和青少年吸烟轨迹的流行和轨迹上的差异模式中的悖论，为怀孕期间母亲吸烟对儿童吸烟轨迹的直接和间接影响的假设提供了额外的检验。方法方法扩展了正在进行的NICHD （R03）研究项目的研究结果。数据来自1979年全国青年纵向调查（NLSY79）中具有人口代表性的母亲队列，以及自1986年以来对这些妇女所生的所有儿童进行的两年一次的调查，即NLSY79的儿童和年轻人（NLSY79- cya）。鉴于西班牙裔、黑人和社会经济上处于不利地位的白人母亲的样本，这些数据非常适合该项目的目标。NLSY79和NLSY79- cya共同提供了丰富的代际数据来源，涉及母亲和青少年物质使用、儿童认知和行为发展，以及儿童、家庭、同伴和邻里水平上烟草使用的社会和生物学决定因素。研究人员采用自回归潜轨迹方法，使他们能够检查在不同年龄测量的决定因素之间的因果关系，同时也使用潜变量方法来纠正通过社会和发展途径对中介的低估。研究结果将提供证据，加强对代际社会和生物学机制的理解，即儿童从子宫内到成年早期对不同吸烟轨迹的脆弱性和复原力积累。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching objective of this study is to increase understanding of the role of maternal smoking during pregnancy on intergenerational transmission of smoking. The study employs data on mother's smoking trajectories prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy and after birth in combination with data on the smoking trajectories of children during pre-teenage years, adolescence, and young adulthood (e.g., smoking experimentation, progression to daily use, and respective patterns of discontinuation and/or relapse) to examine the direct, indirect, and concurrent effects of mother's smoking trajectories on children's smoking trajectories. Employing social and developmental theory about in utero exposures, gene-environment interactions, social stratification, and acculturation, the study defines and evaluates hypotheses about the direct, indirect, and concurrent effects of mother's smoking on her children's smoking trajectories. The supplement exploits paradoxes in the observed patterns of difference by race/ethnicity and by immigrant generation (mother foreign-born versus mother native-born) in prevalence and trajectories of maternal smoking trajectories and youth smoking trajectories to provide additional tests of hypotheses about direct and indirect effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on children's smoking trajectories. The methodological approach extends findings from an ongoing NICHD (R03) research project. Data come from a population-representative cohort of mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and an ongoing biennial survey of all children born to these women since 1986, i.e., the Children and Young Adults of the NLSY79 (NLSY79-CYA). These data are well suited to the project aims in light of the oversample of Hispanic, black, and socioeconomically disadvantaged white mothers. Together the NLSY79 and NLSY79-CYA offer a rich source of intergenerational data on maternal and youth substance use, child cognitive and behavioral development, and the social and biological determinants of tobacco use at the child, family, peer, and neighborhood level. The investigators employ an autoregressive latent trajectory approach that allows them to examine causal relationships among determinants measured at different ages, while also using latent variable methods to correct for the underestimation of mediation through social and developmental pathways. Findings will provide evidence strengthening the understanding of intergenerational social and biological mechanisms whereby children accumulate vulnerability and resilience to different smoking trajectories from exposures in utero through young adulthood. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study examines how intergenerational pathways in early life, childhood, and adolescence shape tobacco-related determinants of the health and social well-being of maturing adolescents and young adults, with specific attention to differences in the mechanisms linking mother's smoking to youth's smoking by race/ethnicity, immigrant generation, and gender.