A Longitudinal Study of the Predictors of Smoking in Women in Late Midlife

描述（由申请人提供）：本纵向研究的总体目标是检查中年晚期女性烟草使用和依赖的病因预测因素和后果。我们对中年晚期经历的关注将集中在更广泛的社会环境背景上（例如，社区服务和组织，社区凝聚力，社会网络和社会支持），以及与烟草使用和依赖，药物使用，健康和精神病理学相关的个人因素的相互作用。1975年的原始样本由平均年龄为32岁（T1）的女性组成。随后，这些女性在平均年龄为40岁（T2）、42岁（T3）和47岁（T4）时接受了采访。当参与者的平均年龄为62岁时，建议对女性进行第五次数据收集（T5），以完成以下任务：(1)检查人格（包括精神病理学）、家庭、朋友和社会环境背景因素之间的相互关系和相互作用，因为它们与烟草使用和依赖过程（即稳定性和变化）以及戒烟有关；(2)研究长期烟草使用和依赖对女性精神病理和功能的影响；(3)研究两代人之间烟草依赖和戒烟的影响。面试将由训练有素的面试官在参与者家中进行。将开发具有足够心理测量特性的量表来测量自变量。主要的分析技术将是因果分析、逻辑回归分析和增长混合模型。本研究对公共卫生的意义在于在几个关键发展阶段提供的个人、人际和邻里纵向数据。由于烟草使用是妇女许多不良健康结果（例如癌症）的主要预测因素，因此这项研究将与国家癌症研究所的使命有很大关系。了解从32岁到62岁烟草依赖和戒烟的纵向途径将有助于提供详细和具体的治疗指南。这项研究的独特之处在于，可以对烟草使用和依赖的长期影响进行累积影响评估。此外，通过确定可以减轻烟草使用和对妇女中年后期功能依赖的不利影响的保护因素，我们可以为有效的治疗工作和公共政策提供必要的额外信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goals of this longitudinal study are to examine etiologic predictors and consequences of women's tobacco use and dependence in late midlife. Our focus related to the late midlife experience will be on the broader socioenvironmental context (e.g., neighborhood services and organizations, neighborhood cohesion, social network, and social support), in interaction with individual factors related to tobacco use and dependence, drug use, health, and psychopathology. The original sample in 1975 consisted of women whose average age was 32 (T1). Subsequently, the women were interviewed when their average age was 40 (T2), 42 (T3), and 47 (T4). A fifth data collection (T5) for the women is proposed when the participants are an average age of 62, in order to accomplish the following: (1) examine interrelations and interactions of personality (including psychopathology), family, friend, and socioenvironmental contextual factors as they relate to the course of tobacco use and dependence over time (i.e., stability and change) and cessation; (2) study the consequences of long-term tobacco use and dependence on women's psychopathology and functioning; and (3) examine the impact of tobacco dependence and cessation across two generations. Interviews will be conducted in the participants' homes by trained interviewers. Scales with adequate psychometric properties measuring the independent variables will be developed. The primary analytic techniques will be causal analysis, logistic regression analysis, and growth mixture modeling. The significance of this study for public health lies in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and neighborhood longitudinal data available at several crucial stages of development. Since tobacco use is a major predictor of many adverse health outcomes in women (e.g., cancer), this study will have great relevance for the mission of the National Cancer Institute. Knowledge of the longitudinal pathways to tobacco dependence from age 32 to 62 and the cessation of tobacco use will help provide detailed and specific guidelines for treatment. This study is also unique in that the long-term effects of tobacco use and dependence can be evaluated for their cumulative impact. In addition, by identifying protective factors that can mitigate the adverse effects of tobacco use and dependence on women's functioning in late midlife, we can provide additional information necessary for effective treatment efforts and public policy.