Form and Motion Integration

描述(由申请人提供)：对运动的敏感性和双眼线索都具有重要的适应性意义。虽然单个单位的研究提供了关于个别皮质区域方向选择性和双视性的时空动力学的详细信息，人类功能磁共振研究绘制了多个人类视觉区域的缓慢血流动力学反应图，但这两种方法都没有提供对这些网络的功能动力学的分析。我们已经开发了基于EEG的源成像和信号分析工具，我们将使用这些工具来开发运动处理和双眼交互的预测动力学模型，整个皮质的空间分辨率约为2厘米或更低。在目标1中，我们将使用脑电源成像和知觉测量来比较作为长程和短程表观运动基础的时空相互作用的功能形式，并绘制它们的发生地点。特定方向的适应将用于确认哪些响应分量是由于运动机制造成的。我们还将改变观察者的任务，以确定自上而下(反馈)对表观运动加工的影响程度。双稳态表观运动刺激将被用来比较感知到表观运动时和感觉不到时的反应。在目标2中，我们将应用脑电源成像方面的最新技术发展来研究两到六个月大的典型发育中的人类婴儿纹外皮质的运动反应。这些数据将被用来测试运动处理模型，并识别快速发展的时期。在目标3中，我们将研究斜视/弱视患者完整的运动加工与功能性双眼相互作用之间的关系。在这三个目标中，将使用四个独立的标准(皮质轨迹、发育分离、对注意力的依赖和非线性交互模式)来提供关于心理物理学家预测的多个运动处理子系统存在的一致证据。 与公共健康相关：本提案中将开发的动态功能成像方法将为理解整个发育过程中正常和异常的视觉处理提供一种强大的新方法。由于这些方法适用于人类，它们在只能在实验动物中进行的直接神经测量和对完整人脑的功能研究(包括对正在接受治疗的患者的研究)之间提供了一座重要的转换桥梁。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sensitivity to motion and binocular cues are both of vital adaptive significance. While single unit studies have provided detailed information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of direction-selectivity and binocularity in individual cortical areas and human fMRI studies have mapped slow hemodynamic responses in multiple human visual areas, neither approach provides an analysis of the functional dynamics of these networks. We have developed EEG-based source-imaging and signal analysis tools that we will use to develop predictive dynamical models of motion processing and binocular interaction throughout cortex at a spatial resolution that is on the order of 2 cm or less. In Aim 1 we will use EEG-source imaging and perceptual measurements to compare the functional form of spatio-temporal interactions underlying long- versus short-range apparent motion and to map their sites of generation. Direction-specific adaptation will be used to confirm which response components are due to motion mechanisms. We will also vary the observer's task in order to determine the extent of top-down (feedback) influences on apparent motion processing. A bistable apparent motion stimulus will be used to compare responses during episodes when apparent motion is perceived to when it is not. In Aim 2 we will apply recent technical developments in EEG source-imaging to the study of motion responses in the extra-striate cortex of typically developing humans infants between two and six months of age. These data will be used to test models of motion processing and to identify periods of rapid development. In Aim 3 we will study the relationship between intact motion processing and functional binocular interaction in patients with strabismus/amblyopia. Across the three Aims, four independent criteria (cortical locus, developmental dissociation, dependence on attention and pattern of non-linear interaction) will be used to provide converging evidence regarding the existence of multiple motion processing sub-systems as predicted by psychophysicists. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The methods of dynamic functional imaging that will be developed in this proposal will provide a powerful new approach for understanding normal and abnormal visual processing throughout development. Because these methods are applicable in human, they provide an important translational bridge between direct neural measurements that can only be done in experimental animals and functional studies of the intact human brain, including studies of patients undergoing treatment