Alcohol Servers Applying Psychology

描述(申请人提供)：在美国，提供酒类服务的场所是一个庞大的行业，但不幸的是，这是一个常见的攻击性和暴力行为的场所，有时与饮酒有关。许多服务员(调酒师和服务员)的培训、工作技能和工作经验有限。这些综合因素将服务器及其客户置于风险之中。许多州的回应是要求或激励机构参加负责任的饮料服务(RBS)培训。然而，它们之间在质量、成本、持续时间、强度、内容和交付方式方面存在着相当大的差异。许多人未能使用被证明在促进专业发展和有效成人学习方面有效的方法，主要关注法律和责任问题，忽视了教授基本行为管理技能的重要性。苏格兰皇家银行的面对面培训可能昂贵、耗时且难以获得；此外，该行业的高离职率限制了其成本效益。服务生和他们的顾客将从基于行为心理学和成人学习原则的可访问的在线苏格兰皇家银行培训中受益。这个项目的总体目标是酒精服务应用心理学(ASAP)第二阶段，旨在为酒精服务人员开发一系列关于如何在饮酒场所应用有效的行为管理技术的在线培训模块。这项培训将通过IRIS Media开发的复杂但用户友好的网络交付平台(IRIS Ed Online)提供，以扩大公共卫生干预措施的覆盖范围并广泛传播培训。ASAP培训计划将使用引人入胜和教学合理的方法，包括观察性学习技术、互动掌握练习、自我评估、日记练习和在线社会支持，并将利用在行为管理和预防酒精相关暴力方面的成熟研究。ASAP计划将培训服务器：1)了解饮酒和其他药物对行为的影响，包括恐吓、攻击性和性骚扰；2)理解物理环境对顾客行为的影响；3)使用积极的管理技能来维持积极的社会环境；4)应用减压技术，在出现问题时保持冷静；5)识别和化解潜在的问题情况；6)识别紧急情况并遵循适当的程序。在第一阶段，开发了一个关键的程序模块(识别和化解潜在的问题情况)，并对其有效性进行了测试。在第二阶段，我们建议通过开发和评估其他模块来完成该计划。我们的评估将包括形成性评估(焦点小组、关键信息者访谈和可用性测试)和终结性评估，后者包括一项双小组、随机、对照研究，在发布前对43家机构的知识、技能、自我效能、行为意图、技术接受和消费者满意度进行调查，以及发布前和后续观察。 与公共健康相关：在饮酒场所消费和滥用酒精往往会导致攻击性和暴力行为，并使工作人员和顾客面临受伤的风险。应用心理学第二阶段的酒精服务者将向酒精服务者提供在线培训，教他们如何使用心理健康的措施来预防问题，并在出现潜在危险的对抗时进行干预。通过这一计划，服务器将接受一套经过测试的、积极有效的策略的培训。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Establishments that serve alcohol are a vast industry in America, but are unfortunately a common setting for aggressive and violent behaviors that are sometimes associated with alcohol consumption. Many servers (bartenders and wait staff) have limited training, job skills, and work experience. These combined factors put servers and their patrons at risk. Many states have responded by requiring or incentivizing establishments to participate in Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) training. There is, however, considerable variation in quality, cost, duration, intensity, content, and mode of delivery among them. Many fail to use approaches shown to be effective in promoting professional development and effective adult learning, and focus primarily on legal and liability issues, overlooking the importance of teaching basic behavior management skills. Face-to- face RBS training can be expensive, time consuming, and difficult to access; additionally, its cost-effectiveness is limited by the industry's high turnover rate. Servers and their patrons would benefit from accessible, online RBS training grounded in behavioral psychology and informed by principles of adult learning. The overall goal for this project, Alcohol Servers Applying Psychology (ASAP) Phase II, is to develop a series of online training modules for alcohol servers on how to apply effective behavior management techniques in drinking establishments. This training will be delivered through a sophisticated yet user-friendly web delivery platform (IRIS Ed Online) developed by IRIS Media to extend the reach of public health interventions and disseminate training on a wide scale. The ASAP training program will use engaging and instructionally sound approaches that include observational learning techniques, interactive mastery exercises, self-assessment reviews, journaling exercises, and online social support, and will draw on well-established research on behavior management and alcohol-related violence prevention. The ASAP program will train servers to: 1) understand the effects of consumption of alcohol and other drugs on behavior, including intimidation, aggression, and sexual harassment; 2) comprehend the impact of the physical environment on patron behavior; 3) use proactive management skills to maintain a positive social environment; 4) apply stress reduction techniques to stay calm when problems arise; 5) recognize and defuse potential problem situations; and 6) identify emergency situations and follow appropriate procedures. In Phase I, a key program module (recognizing and defusing potential problem situations), was developed and tested for efficacy. In Phase II we propose to complete the program by developing and evaluating additional modules. Our evaluations will include both formative (focus groups, key informant interviews, and usability testing) and summative assessments, the latter including a two-panel, randomized, controlled study with pre-post surveys of knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, behavioral intention, technology acceptance, and consumer satisfaction, as well as pre-post and follow-up observations in 43 establishments. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The consumption and abuse of alcohol in drinking establishments can often lead to aggressive and violent behaviors and put workers and patrons at risk of injury. Alcohol Servers Applying Psychology Phase II will provide online training to alcohol servers in how to use psychologically-sound measures to prevent problems and to intervene when potentially dangerous confrontations arise. Through this program, servers will receive training in a set of tested, positive, and effective strategies.