The Development of a Noninvasive Monitoring System for Cigarette Smoking

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因。在这个国家，吸烟每年造成44万多人死亡，估计每年造成1670亿美元的健康相关经济损失。现有的吸烟评估方法（例如，自我报告、便携式抽吸地形图仪器）不允许收集准确的、非反应性的吸烟行为测量，其捕获实时吸烟频率和全面的香烟内抽吸地形图。该项目的目标是开发一种非侵入式可穿戴系统（个人自动香烟跟踪器- PACT），该系统对最终用户完全透明，不需要任何良心努力，即可实现对自由生活个人吸烟行为的可靠监测。从方法上讲，PACT将包括两个主要部分：1.可穿戴传感器。集成在衣服中的微型传感器将监测个人的呼吸和活动模式。来自传感器的信号将被处理和识别，以识别和客观地表征每次抽吸。2.用于信号处理和模式识别的软件。自动计算机软件将分析传感器信号并检测唯一识别吸烟事件的模式。将提取抽吸次数和抽吸间隔等客观指标。该软件将基于最先进的机器学习方法。PACT系统的开发将在四个具体目标中解决：具体目标1：开发一种可穿戴传感器系统，包括集成到传统内衣中的呼吸传感器和集成到手镯中的手势传感器。具体目标二：从佩戴仪器化系统并在实验室条件下进行日常活动（包括吸烟）的个人收集传感器数据。具体目标3：开发模式识别方法，以识别单个抽吸和烟雾吸入。具体目标4：评估可穿戴传感器PACT系统和模式识别方法在自然环境中吸烟人群中的实用性和灵敏度。这组特定目标将验证导致创建能够客观表征吸烟行为的独特可穿戴设备。 公共卫生相关性：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因。在这个国家，吸烟每年造成44万多人死亡，估计每年造成1670亿美元的健康相关经济损失。这项研究的目标是开发一种非侵入性的可穿戴系统（个人自动香烟跟踪器- PACT），该系统对最终用户完全透明，不需要任何有意识的努力，就可以实现对自由生活个体吸烟行为的可靠监测。PACT设备将提供真实世界吸烟的准确和精确测量。该装置可以向用户和健康专业人员提供关于他们家中和社区全天的吸烟频率和吸入模式（例如吸入深度和烟雾保持）的反馈。这些信息可用于告知戒烟计划中的行为策略。PACT收集的数据还可以提供一种客观的方法来评估行为和药物吸烟干预的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in this country and generates an estimated $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses. Available methods of smoking assessment (e.g., self-report, portable puff-topography instruments) do not permit the collection of accurate, non-reactive measures of smoking behavior that capture real-time smoking frequency and comprehensive within-cigarette puff topography. The objective of this project is to develop a non-invasive wearable system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker - PACT) that is completely transparent to the end user and does not require any conscience effort to achieve reliable monitoring of smoking behavior in free living individuals. Methodologically, PACT will consist of two major components: 1. Wearable sensors. Miniature sensors integrated into the clothing will monitors the breathing and activity patterns of individuals. The signals from the sensors will be processed and recognized to identify and objectively characterize each individual puff. 2. Software for signal processing and pattern recognition. Automatic computer software will analyze sensor signals and detect patterns uniquely identifying smoking events. Objective metrics such as number of puffs and inter-puff interval will be extracted. The software will be based on the state-of-art machine learning methods. The development of the PACT system will be addressed in four specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Develop a wearable sensor system comprised of a breathing sensor integrated into conventional underwear and a hand gesture sensor integrated into a hand bracelet. Specific Aim 2: Collect sensor data from individuals wearing the instrumented system and performing everyday activities (including smoking) in laboratory conditions. Specific Aim 3: Develop pattern recognition methods to recognize individual puffs and smoke inhalation. Specific Aim 4: Evaluate the utility and sensitivity of the wearable sensor PACT system and pattern recognition method in people smoking in the natural environment. This set of Specific Aims will validate lead to creation of a unique wearable device capable of objective characterization of smoking behavior. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in this country and generates an estimated $167 billion in annual health-related economic losses. The goal of this research is to develop a non-invasive wearable system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker - PACT) that is completely transparent to the end user and does not require any conscious effort to achieve reliable monitoring of smoking behavior in free living individuals. The PACT device will provide an accurate and precise measure of real-world smoking. The device can provide the user and health professional feedback on the frequency of smoking and inhalation patterns (such as depth of inhalation and smoke holding) throughout the day in their home and community. This information can be used to inform behavioral strategies in smoking cessation programs. The data collected by PACT can also provide an objective method of assessing the effectiveness of behavioral and pharmacological smoking interventions.