Retrieval Processing in Human Memory: ERP and Fmri Investigations

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的总体目标是从认知神经科学的角度理解如何成功地从情景记忆中检索有关事件的信息。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和事件相关电位（ERPs）将用于识别在检索实验项目（如文字和图片）时引发的神经活动。一系列实验将调查海马体中与检索相关的活动在多大程度上选择性地支持对过去的定性信息的恢复。其他的实验将根据物品之间的关联，或者物品与其上下文的关联是否被回忆，来研究内侧颞叶不同部位与提取相关的活动分离的程度。第三组实验将探讨内容选择性、检索相关的皮层恢复效应的普遍性和功能意义。最后一组实验将关注后顶叶下皮层检索相关活动的功能意义。最后这些实验将以这一假设为出发点，即该区域支持“情景缓冲”，作为情景记忆和工作记忆之间的接口，并促进有意识地访问回忆的信息。情景记忆的致残性损伤在几种常见的神经系统疾病中很突出，特别是阿尔茨海默病和创伤性脑损伤。情景记忆功能障碍也是一些常见精神疾病的重要组成部分，包括精神分裂症、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍。此外，相对于其他类型的记忆，情景记忆随着年龄的增长而显著下降。该研究将促进对支持正常情景记忆功能的神经认知过程的详细理解，这对于阐明不同类型的情景记忆障碍和开发有效的治疗干预措施是必要的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of the proposed research is to understand, from a cognitive neuroscience perspective, how information about an event is successfully retrieved from episodic memory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) will be employed to identify neural activity elicited during the retrieval of experimental items such as words and pictures. One line of experiments will investigate the extent to which retrieval-related activity in the hippocampus selectively supports the recovery of qualitative information about the past. Other experiments will investigate the degree to which retrieval-related activity in different parts of the medial temporal lobe dissociates according to whether associations between items, or items and their contexts, are recollected. A third set of experiments will investigate the generality and functional significance of content-selective, retrieval-related cortical reinstatement effects. A final set of experiments will focus of the functional significance of retrieval-related activity in inferior posterior parietal cortex. These last experiments will take as their starting point the hypothesis that this region supports an 'episodic buffer' that serves as an interface between episodic and working memory, and facilitates conscious access to recollected information. Disabling impairments of episodic memory are prominent in several common neurological conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. Episodic memory dysfunction is also a significant component of several common psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, episodic memory declines substantially and, relative to other kinds of memory, disproportionately, with increasing age. The proposed research will facilitate the detailed understanding of the neurocognitive processes that support normally-functioning episodic memory, an understanding that is necessary for the elucidation of different kinds of episodic memory disorders and the development of effective therapeutic interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disabling impairments of episodic memory - memory for unique events - are found in numerous neurological and psychiatric conditions. The proposed research will contribute to the detailed understanding of normally-functioning episodic memory that is necessary if different kinds of episodic memory disorders are to be fully understood and effectively treated.