Retrieval Processing in Human Memory: ERP and fMRI Investigations

描述（由申请人提供）：获取和检索独特事件记忆的能力被称为“情景记忆”。情景记忆的失能性损伤在几种常见的神经系统疾病中是突出的，包括阿尔茨海默病和创伤性脑损伤，并且已经提出情景记忆功能障碍在常见的精神障碍如创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症中起作用。情景记忆损伤和功能障碍的表征，以及合理的补救措施的发展，需要理解支持情景记忆及其神经基础的认知操作。拟议中的研究将有助于这种理解，通过认知神经科学调查的两个方面的情节记忆检索：过程从事i）当一个线索是在试图检索情节信息从记忆中，和ii）当检索尝试是成功的。这项研究将联合收割机与两种无创测量大脑活动的方法，事件相关电位（ERP）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）相结合。总之，这些方法将被用来进一步了解线索处理和成功的情景提取。关于线索加工，要解决的问题包括：在何种情况下，个人可以偏见的线索加工（采用“检索方向”）在服务于一个特定的检索目标;神经相关的维护特定的检索方向;和功能的意义，不同的神经活动引起的服务于不同的检索目标的线索。在成功的检索的情况下，问题包括：以前描述的神经相关的情节检索的一般性;这些神经相关的内容和检索到的信息量的敏感性;和现有的调查情节检索的回忆程序所获得的结果与基于记忆的程序的比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The capacity to acquire and retrieve memories of unique events is termed 'episodic memory'. Disabling impairments of episodic memory are prominent in several common neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and Traumatic Brain Injury, and it has been proposed that episodic memory dysfunction plays a role in common psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. The characterization of episodic memory impairment and dysfunction, and the development of rational remedial measures, require an understanding of the cognitive operations that support episodic memory and their neural underpinnings. The proposed research will contribute to this understanding through a cognitive neuroscience investigation of two aspects of episodic memory retrieval: the processes engaged i) when a cue is employed in an attempt to retrieve episodic information from memory, and ii) when a retrieval attempt is successful. The research will combine behavioral methods with two methods for non-invasive measurement of brain activity, event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Together, the methods will be employed to further understanding of cue processing and successful episodic retrieval. With regard to cue processing, issues to be addressed include: the circumstances under which individuals can bias cue processing (adopt a 'retrieval orientation') in service of a specific retrieval goal; the neural correlates of the maintenance of specific retrieval orientations; and the functional significance of differential neural activity elicited by cues employed in service of different retrieval goals. In the case of successful retrieval, issues include: the enerality of previously described neural correlates of episodic retrieval; the sensitivity of these neural correlates to the content and amount of information retrieved; and comparison of existing recognition-based procedures for investigating episodic retrieval to results obtained with a recall procedure.