Retrieval Processing in Human Memory: ERP and fMRI Investigations

描述（由申请人提供）：获取和检索独特事件记忆的能力被称为“情景记忆”。情景记忆的失能性损伤在一些常见的神经系统疾病中很突出，包括阿尔茨海默病和创伤性脑损伤，并且已经提出情景记忆功能障碍在常见的精神疾病如创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症中起作用。情景记忆障碍和功能障碍的特征，以及合理补救措施的发展，需要理解支持情景记忆的认知操作及其神经基础。本研究将通过对情景记忆提取的两个方面的认知神经科学研究来促进这一理解：当一个线索被用来试图从记忆中提取情景信息时，以及当一个检索尝试成功时，所涉及的过程。该研究将结合行为学方法和两种非侵入性脑活动测量方法，即事件相关电位（ERPs）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）。这些方法将有助于进一步理解线索加工和成功的情景检索。关于线索加工，需要解决的问题包括：在特定的检索目标服务的情况下，个体会偏向线索加工（采用“检索取向”）；特定检索取向维持的神经机制研究不同检索目标线索所引起的神经活动差异的功能意义。在成功检索的情况下，问题包括：之前描述的情景检索的神经关联的普遍性；这些神经关联的敏感性与检索信息的内容和数量有关；并将现有的基于识别的情景检索调查程序与回忆程序获得的结果进行了比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The capacity to acquire and retrieve memories of unique events is termed 'episodic memory'. Disabling impairments of episodic memory are prominent in several common neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and Traumatic Brain Injury, and it has been proposed that episodic memory dysfunction plays a role in common psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. The characterization of episodic memory impairment and dysfunction, and the development of rational remedial measures, require an understanding of the cognitive operations that support episodic memory and their neural underpinnings. The proposed research will contribute to this understanding through a cognitive neuroscience investigation of two aspects of episodic memory retrieval: the processes engaged i) when a cue is employed in an attempt to retrieve episodic information from memory, and ii) when a retrieval attempt is successful. The research will combine behavioral methods with two methods for non-invasive measurement of brain activity, event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Together, the methods will be employed to further understanding of cue processing and successful episodic retrieval. With regard to cue processing, issues to be addressed include: the circumstances under which individuals can bias cue processing (adopt a 'retrieval orientation') in service of a specific retrieval goal; the neural correlates of the maintenance of specific retrieval orientations; and the functional significance of differential neural activity elicited by cues employed in service of different retrieval goals. In the case of successful retrieval, issues include: the enerality of previously described neural correlates of episodic retrieval; the sensitivity of these neural correlates to the content and amount of information retrieved; and comparison of existing recognition-based procedures for investigating episodic retrieval to results obtained with a recall procedure.