EXCESS BMI GAIN DURING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: THE ROLE OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS

总结 儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的流行率一直在增加 低收入和一些种族/少数民族人口的风险最高。肥胖率上升 肥胖率和社会经济差异源于社会和环境因素， 了解和修改以进行有效预防。在这个项目中，我们计划跟踪20，000名 儿童到小学，这是肥胖人口差异显现的时期， 研究他们的身体发育，健康行为，以及这些结果和行为的关系， 他们居住区和学校附近的食物和体育活动环境。 我们的具体目标如下： 1.描述住宅和学校周围的食物和体育活动环境如何不同， 来自不同社会经济和种族/族裔群体的儿童。 2.描述小学里的食物和体育活动环境对孩子们有什么不同 来自不同的社会经济和种族/民族群体。 3.分析食物和体力活动环境与健康行为之间的关系， 社会经济和种族/族裔群体。 4.分析食物和体育活动环境在发展差距中的作用， 从幼儿园到五年级（有些分析是八年级）儿童的体重指数（BMI）。相关性 学校和居住环境可能会塑造儿童的健康行为，但它们对儿童健康行为的贡献 额外的体重增加未知。这个项目试图找出体重过度增加的环境因素 在小学期间，其中包括超重的社会人口差异的年龄， 开始显现出来。这是在考虑拟议的干预措施和 政策变化是有希望的，或可能导致走上死胡同。

SUMMARY The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has been increasing dramatically with low-income and some racial/ethnic minority populations being at highest risk. Rising obesity rates and socioeconomic disparities in obesity stem from social and environmental factors that need to be understood and modified for effective prevention. In this project, we propose to follow a cohort of 20,000 children through elementary school, a period when demographic disparities in obesity manifest themselves, to study their physical development, health behaviors, and the relationship of these outcomes and behaviors to the food and physical activity environments in their residential and school neighborhoods. Our specific aims are as follows: 1. Describe how the food and physical activity environments around residences and schools differ for children from different socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups. 2. Describe how the food and physical activity environments inside elementary schools differ for children from different socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups. 3. Analyze the relationship between food and physical activity environments and health behaviors, by socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups. 4. Analyze the contribution of food and physical activity environments in the development of disparities in body mass index (BMI) in children from kindergarten through 5th (and for some analyses 8th) grade. RELEVANCE School and residential environments are likely to shape children's health behaviors, but their contribution to excess weight gain are unknown. This project tries to identify environmental factors of excess weight gain during elementary school years, which includes the age where sociodemographic disparities in overweight begin to manifest themselves. This is a necessary task before considering whether proposed interventions and policy changes are promising or likely to lead down a blind alley.