Training in Cognitive Function and Neuroimaging of Smoking-Related Cues

描述（由申请人提供）：这是通过K 01指导研究科学家发展奖机制获得5年资助的请求。申请人建议通过人类认知神经成像和临床研究方面的指导性职业发展计划来扩展其主要的临床前研究培训背景。申请人的长期目标是成为一名独立的调查员，熟练掌握认知神经成像技术，进行药物滥用研究，旨在开发个性化药物滥用治疗的新方法。培训计划包括实践研究、课程工作、实验室轮换、与拟议导师/顾问的一对一培训课程、期刊俱乐部、参加国家和国际科学会议以及负责任地开展研究的培训。该计划的研究部分将允许申请人实施新开发的技能，以进一步调查复发的预测因素以及这些预测因素之间的相互作用。本提案中概述的3项实验将使用尼古丁依赖吸烟者的标准和功能磁共振成像版本的认知测试。申请人首先将学习进行标准的认知测试，以确定对吸烟线索的故意偏见与冲动之间的关系，预测复发脆弱性的行为措施。接下来，申请人将学习使用功能磁共振成像版本的吸烟情绪Stroop（SES）任务和多频干扰任务（MSIT）。SES任务测量吸烟词存在故意偏见的程度，MSIT任务测量一般注意力。然后，申请人将学习使用fMRI版本的延迟匹配来采样任务，以确定维持吸烟刺激的工作记忆的脑区是否与维持中性刺激的脑区不同。这些功能磁共振成像任务需要不同的设计和分析方法的培训，这将发展申请人的工作能力，并实现不同设计的功能磁共振成像任务，这在未来将使她能够独立设计和实现其他认知神经成像范例。除了进行认知评估的标准和fMRI版本所需的技能外，申请人还将接受人类临床研究方法的培训（例如，进行一系列的心理测试），对研究参与者进行筛选和分类。这将使申请人能够为未来的R 01资助申请设计更多临床相关的研究。拟议的指导培训计划将使申请人能够领导未来的研究，这些研究旨在使用认知评估的标准和功能磁共振成像版本来表征认知，脑功能和吸烟复发风险之间的联系，这可能会指导戒烟和预防复发研究。 公共卫生相关性：吸烟相关疾病是一个全球性的健康问题，仍然难以治疗。使用神经影像学、认知和心理特征和状态测量来更深入地了解复发风险因素及其相互作用可能会改善吸烟者的表型，并推进旨在开发更有效的个性化戒烟治疗的研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a request for 5 years of funding through the K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award mechanism. The applicant proposes to extend her primarily preclinical research training background with a mentored career development program in human cognitive neuroimaging and clinical research. The applicant's long-term goal is to become an independent investigator skilled in cognitive neuroimaging to conduct substance abuse research with the aim of developing new methods to personalize substance abuse treatment. The training plan includes hands-on research, course work, laboratory rotations, one-on-one training sessions with proposed mentors/consultants, journal clubs, attendance at national and international scientific meetings, and training in responsible conduct of research. The program's research component will permit the applicant to implement newly developed skills to further investigate predictors of relapse and the interaction between such predictors. The 3 experiments outlined in this proposal will use standard and fMRI versions of cognitive tests in nicotine-dependent smokers. The applicant first will learn to conduct standard cognitive testing to determine the relationship between intentional bias to smoking cues and impulsivity, behavioral measures that predict relapse vulnerability. Next, the applicant will learn to use fMRI versions the smoking emotional Stroop (SES) task and the multisource interference task (MSIT). The SES task measures the extent to which an intentional bias exists for smoking words and the MSIT task measures general attention. The applicant then will learn to use an fMRI version of the delay match to sample task to determine whether brain areas maintaining working memory for smoking stimuli differ from those maintaining neutral stimuli. These fMRI tasks require training in different design and analysis methods, which will develop the applicant's ability to work with and implement fMRI tasks of different designs, which in future will enable her to independently design and implement other cognitive neuroimaging paradigms. In addition to the skills required to conduct standard and fMRI versions of cognitive assessments, the applicant will be trained in human clinical research methods (e.g., conducting a range of psychometric tests) for screening and classification of research participants. This will allow the applicant to design more clinically relevant research for future R01 grant applications. The proposed mentored training plan will position the applicant to lead future studies designed to use standard and fMRI versions of cognitive assessments to characterize links between cognition, brain function, and relapse risk to smoking, which may guide smoking cessation and relapse prevention research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tobacco smoking-related illness is a global health problem that remains resistant to treatment. Developing a deeper understanding of relapse risk factors and their interactions using neuroimaging, cognitive, and psychological trait and state measures may improve smoker phenotyping and advance research aimed at developing more effective personalized smoking cessation treatments.