STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING NICOTINE CONTENT IN CIGARETTES

必须考虑烟草控制的创新战略。目前，美国有4400万吸烟者 美国和全球12亿烟民。除非趋势发生戏剧性的变化，否则到2020年， 预计全世界每年将有700万吸烟者死于烟草引起的疾病。一种方法 这有可能对降低与烟草有关的死亡率和发病率产生重大影响 将香烟中的尼古丁含量降低到不会上瘾的水平。香烟的实验者 吸烟会降低依赖的风险，而依赖吸烟者会有更大的 戒烟的机会。尽管这一措施被认为在技术上是可行的，但许多人 在考虑将减少尼古丁作为一项政策措施之前，需要解决研究差距。目标 这项建议的目的是解决一些关键的研究空白，包括：1)尼古丁的最佳策略 减少(立即减少到非常低的尼古丁香烟，而不是逐渐减少尼古丁含量 香烟)，2)这些策略随时间的影响；以及3)确定可能缓和的因素 对尼古丁含量(RNC)减少的香烟的反应。吸烟者将被随机分为三组 实验条件：1)尼古丁含量极低(VLNC)的香烟，尼古丁产量为0.06毫克(实际 剂量将由项目2确定；N=200)；2)逐步减少香烟中的尼古丁含量(.8 mg，.6 毫克、0.4毫克、0.2毫克和0.06毫克的产量香烟，每支抽4周，N=200)；和3)通常 品牌香烟作为对照组(N=100)。在为期20周的实验阶段，受试者将 评估烟草使用模式、暴露和影响的生物标志物、主观反应(例如， 满足感、渴求戒断症状)、认知表现和吸烟情况。在…的末尾 在实验阶段，他们将被跟踪4周，以评估所有烟草的戒断情况 产品和吸烟率。这项研究的结果将描述两种方法可能的风险和好处 减少香烟中尼古丁的方法，并有助于为这一领域的未来研究提供信息。这个项目将 补充和使用与项目2和3类似的措施。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 这项建议的目标是解决一些关键的研究差距，包括：1) 尼古丁减少(立即减少到尼古丁含量很低的香烟，而不是逐渐减少尼古丁 卷烟含量)，2)这些策略随时间的影响；以及3)确定可能 对减少的尼古丁含量(RNC)香烟的中度反应。

Innovative strategies for tobacco control must be considered. Currently, there are 44 million smokers in the US and 1.2 billion smokers world-wide. Unless there is a dramatic change in the trends, by year 2020, it is anticipated that 7 million smokers will die per year world-wide from tobacco-caused diseases. One approach that has the potential to have significant impact in reducing tobacco-related mortality and morbidity is reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes to levels that are non-addictive. Experimenters of cigarette smoking would have a reduced risk of becoming dependent and dependent smokers would have a greater chance to become smoke-free. Although this measure has been considered as technically feasible, many research gaps need to be addressed before considering nicotine reduction as a policy measure. The goals of this proposal is to address some of the key research gaps including: 1) the best strategy for nicotine reduction (immediate reduction to very low nicotine cigarettes versus gradual reduction in nicotine content of cigarettes), 2) effects of these strategies over time; and 3) identification of factors that may moderate responses to reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes. Smokers will be randomized to three different experimental conditions: 1) very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes with a 0.06 mg nicotine yield (actual dose to be determined by Project 2; N=200); 2) gradual reduction in nicotine content cigarettes (.8 mg, .6 mg, .4 mg, .2 mg and 0.06 mg yield cigarettes, each smoked for a period of 4 weeks, N=200); and 3) usual brand cigarettes as a control group (N=100). Over the 20-week experimental phase, subjects will be assessed for pattern of tobacco use, biomarkers of exposure and effect, subjective responses (e.g., satisfaction, craving withdrawal symptoms), cognitive performance and smoking topography. At the end of the experimental phase, they will be followed for another 4 weeks to assess abstinence from all tobacco products and smoking rate. The results from this study will describe the possible risks and benefits of two approaches for reducing nicotine in cigarettes and help inform future research in this area. This project will complement and use similar measures as Projects 2 and 3. RELEVANCE (See instmctions): The goals of this proposal is to address some of the key research gaps including: 1) the best strategy for nicotine reduction (immediate reduction to very low nicotine cigarettes versus gradual reduction in nicotine content of cigarettes), 2) effects of these strategies over time; and 3) identification of factors that may moderate responses to reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes.