Unhealthy Food and Beverage Advertising Around Schools

描述(申请人提供)：自1980年以来，美国儿童和青少年的超重和肥胖增加了两倍。研究表明，儿童和青春期超重会增加成年后超重和肥胖的风险。如果肥胖率继续保持不变，到2030年，经济成本估计在806至9570亿美元之间，占美国医疗保健总成本的16%至18%。超重/肥胖率的上升是许多因素的结果，包括不健康的饮食行为。人们发现，高能量、低营养的食品和饮料的营销和广告会影响儿童的饮食行为和偏好。虽然研究的重点是电视上的食品和饮料广告的影响，但很少有研究考察在学校周围接触广告的影响。由于青少年每天都在学校周围看到广告，因此确定这种广告形式可能如何影响对不健康(即高能量、低营养)食品和饮料的偏好和选择至关重要。这项研究的总体目标是开发和验证基于地理信息系统的空间测量工具和协议，该工具和协议将记录和描述学校周围的户外食品和饮料广告。虽然这一测量工具将使用在学校周围收集的数据创建，但它也可以用于记录其他场所的户外食品和饮料广告，以及课外活动、家庭、社区、教堂和公园。然后，学校人员、地方、州和国家政策制定者以及社区和倡导团体可以使用使用该工具收集的数据。此外，该测量工具和方案可供对户外餐饮广告环境感兴趣的研究人员和从业者使用。本研究的具体目的是：1)开发和验证测量工具和编码协议，以记录和描述约30所中学的户外食品和饮料广告。 公共卫生相关性：开发和验证评估食品和饮料广告的工具将对日益增长的肥胖和其他与营养相关的结果的环境评估领域做出重大贡献。此外，我们将能够更清楚地了解食品和饮料广告对青年的影响，并创建工具，帮助在青年中培养媒体素养，以影响青年中日益普遍的肥胖症。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Overweight and obesity among children and teens in the U.S. has tripled since 1980. Studies have shown that being overweight in childhood and adolescence increases the risk of being overweight and obese in adulthood. If obesity prevalence rates continue on the same trajectory, economic costs are estimated to be between $806 and $957 billion by the year 2030, accounting for 16-18% of total health care costs in the United States. Increasing overweight/obesity rates have been the result of many factors, including unhealthy eating behaviors. The marketing and advertising of energy dense, low nutrition foods and beverages have been found to influence children's eating behavior and preferences. While work has focused on the influence of food and beverage advertising on television, little research has examined the influence of exposure to advertising around schools. Because youth are exposed to advertising around schools on a daily basis, it is crucial to determine how this form of advertising may influence preferences and choices for unhealthy (i.e., energy-dense, low nutrition) foods and beverages. The overarching goal for this study is to develop and validate a spatial, GIS- based measurement tool and protocol that will document and describe outdoor food and beverage advertising around schools. While this measurement tool will be created using data collected around schools, it could be used to document outdoor food and beverage advertising in other venues, as well such as after-school programs, homes, neighborhoods, churches, and parks. Data collected with this tool can then be used by school personnel, local, state, and national policy makers, as well as community and advocacy groups. In addition, the measurement tool and protocol can be used by researchers and practitioners who are interested in analyzing the outdoor food and beverage advertising environment. The specific aim of this study is to: 1) develop and validate a measurement tool and coding protocol to document and describe outdoor food and beverage advertising around 30 middle schools. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The development and validation of a tool to assess food and beverage advertising would be a significant contribution to the growing field of environmental assessment for obesity and other nutrition-related outcomes. Additionally, we will be able to more clearly understand the influence of food and beverage advertising on youth as well as create tools to assist in developing media literacy among youth to impact the growing prevalence of obesity among youth.