Innovative Biofabrication of 3D Nano-Biocomposites for Repair of Osteochondral De

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案中提出的研究旨在解决骨软骨缺损植入修复的主要局限性之一，即替代生物材料的结构和形态控制。骨软骨缺损的自我修复潜力极其有限。无论缺损是创伤性的还是退行性的，骨关节炎经常由这些需要手术修复的缺损引起。大面积骨软骨缺损的手术治疗通常通过将骨和软骨的非承重部分转移到缺损处来完成。这是一种昂贵的侵入性手术，对患者没有可靠的结果。一种有吸引力的替代方案是用单一材料替代缺损，该材料恢复丢失的骨，同时用材料替代丢失的软骨以缓冲关节负荷的压缩力、拉伸力和剪切力。该提案中的创新是用于产生3D纳米纤维素羟基磷灰石生物复合材料（纳米生物复合材料）的新型生物纤维素工艺，其用作承重关节软骨及其下层骨，用于修复大的骨软骨缺损。我们的生产工艺能够大规模生产这种独特的生物材料，具有低成本和高环境效率的特性梯度。细菌纤维素是一种由木醋杆菌产生的纤维素纳米纤维网络组成的新型纳米生物材料。它是一种水凝胶样生物材料，具有独特的生物相容性、机械完整性、水膨胀性和在广泛条件下的稳定性。大小相似 纤维素纳米纤维与胶原蛋白的结合使纤维素成为再生医学的理想支架材料。我们提出了一种梯度三维纳米生物复合材料修复骨软骨缺损的方法。我们已经取得了创新，我们可以制造细菌纤维素纳米生物材料与空间控制的结构和表面性能。 公共卫生相关性：重建由创伤、疾病、年龄或先天性缺陷引起的骨科缺陷是保护重要器官、恢复运动功能和提高患者自信心的必要程序。在美国，2003年估计进行了80万例移植手术，使骨成为仅次于血液的第二大移植组织。骨软骨缺损是大量未满足的医疗需求之一。该提案中提出的研究旨在解决骨软骨缺损植入修复的主要限制之一，即替代生物材料的结构和形态控制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research presented in this proposal aims to solve one of the major limitations in implant repair of osteochondral defects, namely the control of architecture and morphology of replacement biomaterials. Osteochondral defects have an extremely limited potential for self-repair. Whether the defect is traumatic or degenerative, osteoarthritis frequently results from these defects necessitating surgical repair. Surgical treatment of large osteochondral defects is often accomplished by transferring a non-weight bearing section of bone and cartilage to the defect. This is a costly and invasive procedure without a reliable outcome for patients. An attractive alternative is to replace the defect with a single material that restores lost bone and simultaneously replaces the lost cartilage with material to cushion the compressive, tensile, and shearing forces of joint loading. The innovation in this proposal is novel biofabrication process for creating 3D Nano- cellulose hydroxyapatite biocomposite (Nano-biocomposite) which functions as a load bearing articular cartilage and its underlying bone for repair of large osteochondral defects. Our manufacturing process is capable of producing this unique biomaterial with gradient of properties at large scale, at low cost and with great environmental efficiency. Bacterial cellulose, BC is an emerging nano-biomaterial consisting of cellulose nanofibril networks produced by bacteria Acetobacter xylinum. It is a hydrogel-like biomaterial with unique biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, hydroexpansivity, and stability under a wide range of conditions. The similarity of size of cellulose nanofibrils with collagen makes cellulose an ideal scaffolding material for regenerative medicine. We propose to develop a biofabrication process of gradient 3D Nano- biocomposites for repair of osteochondral defects. We have made innovations with which we can manufacture bacterial cellulose nano-biomaterial with spatially controlled architecture and surface properties. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Reconstruction of orthopedic defects that arise from trauma, disease, age, or congenital defects is a necessary procedure to protect vital organs, restore motor function, and improve patient self-confidence. In the US an estimated 800,000 grafting procedures were performed in 2003 making bone the second most transplanted tissue after blood. Osteochondral defects are among large unmet medical needs. The research presented in this proposal aims to solve one of the major limitations in implant repair of osteochondral defects, namely the control of architecture and morphology of replacement biomaterials.