Innovative Biofabrication of 3D Nano-Biocomposites for Repair of Osteochondral De

描述(申请人提供)：本提案中提出的研究旨在解决种植体修复骨软骨缺损的主要限制之一，即对替代生物材料的结构和形态的控制。骨软骨缺陷的自我修复能力极其有限。无论是创伤性的还是退行性的，骨性关节炎通常都是由这些需要手术修复的缺陷引起的。大型骨软骨缺损的外科治疗通常是通过将一段非负重的骨和软骨转移到缺损处来完成的。这是一种昂贵的侵入性手术，对患者来说没有可靠的结果。一种有吸引力的替代方法是用一种单一的材料来修复丢失的骨，同时用一种材料来替代丢失的软骨，以缓冲关节载荷的压缩、拉伸和剪力。这一方案的创新之处在于采用了新的生物制造工艺，创建了3D纳米纤维素羟基磷灰石生物复合材料(Nano-BioComplex)，其功能是作为承重关节软骨及其下层骨，用于修复大型骨软骨缺损。我们的制造工艺能够大规模、低成本、高环境效率地生产这种独特的、具有性能梯度的生物材料。细菌纤维素(BC)是由细菌木醋杆菌产生的纤维素纳米纤维网络组成的一种新兴的纳米生物材料。它是一种水凝胶状生物材料，具有独特的生物相容性、力学完整性、水膨胀性和在各种条件下的稳定性。大小的相似性 纤维素纳米纤维与胶原的结合使纤维素成为再生医学的理想支架材料。我们建议开发一种用于修复骨软骨缺损的梯度三维纳米生物复合材料的生物制造工艺。我们已经取得了创新，可以用来制造具有空间可控结构和表面特性的细菌纤维素纳米生物材料。 公共卫生相关性：重建因创伤、疾病、年龄或先天性缺陷引起的骨科缺陷是保护重要器官、恢复运动功能和提高患者自信的必要程序。在美国，2003年估计进行了80万例移植手术，使骨骼成为仅次于血液的第二大移植组织。骨软骨缺陷是大量未得到满足的医疗需求之一。这项研究旨在解决种植体修复骨软骨缺损的主要局限性之一，即对替代生物材料的结构和形态的控制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research presented in this proposal aims to solve one of the major limitations in implant repair of osteochondral defects, namely the control of architecture and morphology of replacement biomaterials. Osteochondral defects have an extremely limited potential for self-repair. Whether the defect is traumatic or degenerative, osteoarthritis frequently results from these defects necessitating surgical repair. Surgical treatment of large osteochondral defects is often accomplished by transferring a non-weight bearing section of bone and cartilage to the defect. This is a costly and invasive procedure without a reliable outcome for patients. An attractive alternative is to replace the defect with a single material that restores lost bone and simultaneously replaces the lost cartilage with material to cushion the compressive, tensile, and shearing forces of joint loading. The innovation in this proposal is novel biofabrication process for creating 3D Nano- cellulose hydroxyapatite biocomposite (Nano-biocomposite) which functions as a load bearing articular cartilage and its underlying bone for repair of large osteochondral defects. Our manufacturing process is capable of producing this unique biomaterial with gradient of properties at large scale, at low cost and with great environmental efficiency. Bacterial cellulose, BC is an emerging nano-biomaterial consisting of cellulose nanofibril networks produced by bacteria Acetobacter xylinum. It is a hydrogel-like biomaterial with unique biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, hydroexpansivity, and stability under a wide range of conditions. The similarity of size of cellulose nanofibrils with collagen makes cellulose an ideal scaffolding material for regenerative medicine. We propose to develop a biofabrication process of gradient 3D Nano- biocomposites for repair of osteochondral defects. We have made innovations with which we can manufacture bacterial cellulose nano-biomaterial with spatially controlled architecture and surface properties. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Reconstruction of orthopedic defects that arise from trauma, disease, age, or congenital defects is a necessary procedure to protect vital organs, restore motor function, and improve patient self-confidence. In the US an estimated 800,000 grafting procedures were performed in 2003 making bone the second most transplanted tissue after blood. Osteochondral defects are among large unmet medical needs. The research presented in this proposal aims to solve one of the major limitations in implant repair of osteochondral defects, namely the control of architecture and morphology of replacement biomaterials.