Harmonizing health outcomes and determinants across longitudinal studies on aging

描述（由申请人提供）：2001年，国家研究理事会认识到需要对老龄化进行多学科研究和纵向研究，强调跨国研究可以为政策提供比单一国家研究更有用的证据。理事会还强调需要协调各国的数据收集工作并使之标准化。国家老龄化研究所最近重申，需要了解老年人健康和寿命的国际差异。这方面的一个先决条件是可比较的计量和数据。正是出于这一目的，世卫组织的全球老龄化和成人健康研究报告（SAGE）采用了一套方法来提供可比较的跨国数据。虽然SAGE的重点是低收入和中等收入（LAMI）国家，但对高收入国家类似研究数据的比较分析可能会提供有益的见解，这将是互利的。建立一个统一的共同数据集，其中对事前和事后的统一战略给予了极大的关注，而且从这样一个统一的数据集中得出的指标的有效性已得到证明，可用于进一步的深入分析，这是进行比较分析的基础。目前的建议提出了一项议程，进一步使SAGE中的健康、生活质量和福祉的衡量与其他跨国研究（例如美国的健康与退休研究（HRS）和11个欧洲国家的欧洲健康与退休研究（SHARE））保持一致（第一轮和第二轮在欧盟13个国家进行），以及其他国家的研究，如英国的英国老龄化纵向研究（艾尔莎），印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）和中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）。拟议的研究旨在协调SAGE方法和数据与HRS、SHARE、艾尔莎、LASI和CHARLS的自我报告健康和福祉，调整两波调查中自我报告的已知偏差。除了协调自我报告的测量外，它还打算利用健康检查和生物标志物（如有）的数据创建衍生变量。拟议的研究将为这些调查的三个主要结果（健康状况、生活质量和福祉）准备一个综合数据集，并记录不同工具的心理测量特性，包括内部一致性、因素结构、IRT特性、变化敏感性和结构以及预测效度。将查明各项调查之间的冗余，并确定一套以最可靠和有效的方式衡量结构的简约项目。将在这些调查中比较这些措施预测未来健康结果的能力，其中纵向数据来自多个波（SAGE、HRS、艾尔莎和SHARE）。因此，这项研究将为这些调查提供一套统一的数据，并提供一种方法，以有力的方式衡量这些成果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The National Research Council in 2001, recognizing the need for multi-disciplinary research and longitudinal studies on aging, emphasized that cross-national studies can provide substantially more useful evidence for policy than can single country studies. The Council also stressed the need for harmonizing and standardizing data collection across countries. The National Institute on Aging has recently reiterated the need to understand international differences in health and longevity on older adults. A prerequisite for this is comparable measurement and data. It is with this intent that WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) has been designed using a set of methods to provide comparable cross-national data. Though SAGE is focused on Low and Middle Income (LAMI) countries, comparative analysis of data from similar studies in high income countries is likely to provide useful insights that will be mutually beneficial. The creation of a common harmonized data set where great deal of attention has been paid to ex ante and ex post harmonization strategies and the validity of the indicators from such a harmonized data set has been demonstrated for further in-depth analysis is the foundation for comparative analysis. The current proposal sets out an agenda to further align the measurement of health, quality of life and well-being in SAGE with other cross-national studies such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the US and the Study of Health And Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 11 European countries (in its first wave and in 13 countries in the European Union in the second round), and other national studies such as the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) in the UK, the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The proposed study aims to harmonize SAGE methods and data with HRS, SHARE, ELSA, LASI and CHARLS for self-reported health and well- being, adjusting for known biases in self-report across two waves of the surveys. Besides harmonizing measurement of self-reports it also intends to create derived variables using data from health examinations and biomarkers where available. The proposed study will prepare a combined data set for the three main outcomes (health state, quality of life and well-being) across these surveys and record the psychometric properties of the different instruments with regard to their internal consistency, factor structure, IRT properties, sensitivity to change and construct and predictive validity. Redundancies across surveys will be identified and a parsimonious set of items that measure the constructs in the most reliable and valid manner will be identified. The ability of the measures to predict future health outcomes will be compared across these surveys where longitudinal data is available from multiple waves (in SAGE, HRS, ELSA and SHARE). The study will thus provide a harmonized data set across these surveys with a methodology to measure these outcomes in a robust manner.