Family Aggression & Trajectories of Adolescent Adaptation: Bioregulatory Effect

描述(由申请人提供)：攻击性婚姻冲突和严厉的父母教养(家庭攻击性)非常普遍。长期暴露于家庭攻击性会增加青少年反社会和危险行为、抑郁情绪和认知减退的风险--这些严重的公共卫生问题会在青春期增加患病率和严重性。在家庭攻击背景下解释适应轨迹的变异性--为什么有些 青少年表现出的韧性和其他人的退化--是科学和实践的迫切需要。这项拟议研究的结果将阐明自主神经系统活动和睡眠调节变量(生物调节过程)，以及经济和社会背景(同伴关系)变量，这些变量可能调节家庭攻击的风险或起作用 从儿童期后期到青春期后期，加重或预防其对认知、情绪和行为适应不良的影响。该设计建立在一项具有良好特征的3波研究的基础上；儿童的年龄从8岁到11岁不等。拟议的研究将涉及另外三个滞后一年的浪潮：50%的女孩，大约14-15岁，在T4，非洲裔美国人和较低SES家庭的比例都很高。研究结构通过多个信息者和测量进行评估。睡眠参数被客观地、通过动作记录仪和主观地检查。ANS活性(交感和副交感)用标准指数测量，反应性用成熟的实验室程序评估。大而多样的样本、重要青少年结果领域的测量广度和6波纵向设计将使分析长期发展轨迹、生物心理社会过程之间的相互作用以及家庭、生物调节和社会生态风险的概况成为可能。这项拟议的研究将通过对生物规律和社会生态变量的调查，在具有重要意义的领域创造新的知识，这些变量有可能增强对暴露于家庭攻击的青少年的风险的理解，并确定需要干预的生理、行为和生态目标。结果变量包括公共健康优先事项，如行为和情绪调整、学习成绩(PA-07-046，身心互动与健康研究)、暴力(PA-09-169，青少年约会暴力研究)和睡眠障碍(PA-07-140，睡眠与睡眠障碍研究)。假设将通过不同的社区样本在广泛的社会生态背景下进行检验(PA-07-379，关于理解和减少健康差距的行为和社会科学研究)。其他关键优势包括我们专注于估计青少年跨多个领域的功能轨迹；考虑结构之间的影响方向；以及比较不同时间点跨发展的关联性的强度。 公共卫生相关性：攻击性婚姻冲突和严厉的父母教育非常普遍，并增加了青少年反社会和危险行为、抑郁情绪和认知衰退的风险--这些重大公共卫生问题在青春期期间会增加患病率和严重性。然而，在家庭攻击的背景下，生物调节和社会生态变量对青少年适应轨迹的潜在影响还没有被很好地理解。这项拟议的研究将阐明自主神经系统活动、睡眠调节和社会生态变量，这些变量可能中介家庭攻击风险，或者作用于加剧或保护从儿童后期到青春期后期多个领域对青少年功能的影响，这将有助于确定预防和干预的行为、生理和生态目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aggressive marital conflict and harsh parenting (family aggression) are highly prevalent. Chronic exposure to family aggression elevates adolescents' risk for antisocial and risky behavior, depressed mood, and cognitive decrements - significant public health problems that increase in prevalence and severity during adolescence. Explaining variability in trajectories of adaptation in the context of family aggression - why some adolescent's exhibit resilience and others deteriorate - is a critical need for science and practice. Findings stemming from the proposed study will illuminate autonomic nervous system activity and sleep regulation variables (bioregulatory processes), as well as economic and social context (peer affiliation) variables, which may mediate the risk of family aggression or operate to exacerbate or protect against its effects on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral maladjustment from late childhood through late adolescence. The design builds on a well-characterized 3-wave study; children ranged between 8-11 years across waves. The proposed study will involve 3 additional waves with a 1-year lag: 50% girls, ~14-15 years at T4, with high representation of both African-American and lower SES families. Study constructs are assessed with multiple informants and measures. Sleep parameters are examined objectively, via actigraphy, and subjectively. ANS activity (sympathetic and parasympathetic) is measured with standard indices, and reactivity is assessed with well-established lab procedures. The large and diverse sample, breadth of measurement across important adolescent outcome domains, and a 6-wave longitudinal design will permit analyses of long- term developmental trajectories, interactions among biopsychosocial processes, and profiles of family, bioregulatory and socioecological risk. The proposed study will create new knowledge in areas of great significance through investigations of bioregularoty and socioecological variables that have the potential to enhance understanding of risk among adolescents exposed to family aggression and to identify physiological, behavioral, and ecological targets for intervention. Outcome variables include public health priorities, such as behavioral and emotional adjustment, academic performance (PA-07-046, Research on Mind-Body Interactions and Health), violence (PA-09-169, Research on Teen Dating Violence), and sleep disturbances (PA-07-140, Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders). Hypotheses will be tested across a wide range of socioecological contexts with a diverse community sample (PA-07-379, Behavioral and Social Science Research on Understanding and Reducing Health Disparities). Other key strengths include our focus on estimating trajectories of adolescent functioning across multiple domains; considering the direction of effects between constructs; and comparing the strength of associations at different time points across development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Aggressive marital conflict and harsh parenting are highly prevalent and elevate adolescents' risk for antisocial and risky behavior, depressed mood, and cognitive decrements- significant public health problems that increase in prevalence and severity during adolescence. However, the potential effects of bioregulatory and socioecological variables on trajectories of adolescent adjustment in the context of family aggression are not well understood. The proposed study will illuminate autonomic nervous system activity, sleep regulation, and socioecological variables that may mediate the risk of family aggression or operate to exacerbate or protect against its effects on adolescent functioning across multiple domains from late childhood through late adolescence, which will help identify behavioral, physiological, and ecological targets for prevention and intervention.