Disability, Time Use, and Wellbeing Among Older Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：考虑到人口老龄化、晚年残疾的高流行率以及预计残疾老年人数量的增加，了解晚年功能丧失对主观幸福感的影响具有重大的科学和公共卫生意义。迄今为止，关于这一主题的文献的一个局限性是，它只关注全球健康报告和非情境化的情感报告。最近的研究清楚地表明，影响全球生活满意度报告的因素与影响一天中每时每刻“体验”幸福感的因素并不一致。24小时的日记，旨在记录前一天的活动参与情况，已被证实是一种衡量健康经历的手段，因此为研究人员提供了研究日常生活中残疾后果的有力工具。拟议中的项目将为美国持续时间最长、使用最广泛的全国小组研究——收入动态小组研究（PSID）——的老年参与者增加时间日记补充。当与PSID的健康、经济福利和丰富的家庭背景的长期测量相结合使用时，建议的日记收集将允许对促进晚年主观幸福感的机制进行无与伦比的探索。该项目的总体目标是：1)在2013年PSID中为老年人创建一个免费的、公开可用的基于日记的时间使用和健康衡量的国家资源；2)进行新的分析，将有关残疾和相关护理的文献重新聚焦于在晚年生活中保持参与和幸福的机制。随机选取一个工作日和一个周末，通过电话收集大约1750名年龄在60岁及以上的个人及其配偶/伴侣的时间日记。补充问题将侧重于残疾，评估健康，新项目将涉及关系质量，以及人格等心理因素。为了促进广泛使用，数据和日记提取工具将通过PSID的公共使用数据中心在网上提供，并将于2015年举行一次用户研讨会。数据公布后，项目团队将在24小时内进行第一次全国老年残疾、时间使用和影响画像。我们还将研究经济、社会和心理因素在缓冲残疾对时间使用和体验幸福感的影响方面的作用，以及在何种情况下给予他人时间会产生幸福感。这些分析是通过PSID丰富的健康、近期和长期经济福利以及家庭背景的面板测量来实现的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the consequences of loss of functioning in later life for subjective wellbeing is of substantial scientific and public health import, given the aging of the population, the high prevalence of disability in later life, and projected increases in the number of older adults with limitations. A limitation of the literature on this topic to date is its exclusive focus on global reports of wellbeing and decontextualized reports of affect. Recent studies have made clear that factors that shape global reports of satisfaction with life do not coincide with those that shape moment-to-moment "experienced" wellbeing through the day. The 24-hour diary, designed to capture participation in activities on the previous day, has been validated as a means of measuring experienced wellbeing, and thus offers researchers a powerful tool for studying consequences of disablement in daily life. The proposed project will add a time diary supplement for older participants in the longest running and most widely used national panel study in the U.S., the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). When used in combination with PSID's long-term measures of health, economic wellbeing and rich familial context, the proposed diary collection will allow unparalleled exploration of mechanisms that promote subjective wellbeing in later life. The overarching goals of this project are: 1) to create a free, publicly available national resource of diary-based measures of time use and wellbeing for older adults in the 2013 PSID; and 2) to undertake new analyses that will refocus the literature on disability and related care on the mechanisms through which participation and wellbeing are maintained in later life. Time diaries will be collected by telephone from approximately 1750 individuals ages 60 and older and spouses/partners of individuals that age, for one random weekday and one random weekend day. Supplemental questions will focus on disability, evaluative wellbeing, and new items will address quality of relationships, as well as psychological factors such as personality. To promote wide use, data and diary extraction tools will be made available online through the PSID's public use Data Center and a user workshop will be held in 2015. After releasing the data, the project team will undertake the first national portrait of later-life disability, time use, and affect during the 24-hour day. We will also investigate the role of economic, social, and psychological factors in buffering the effects of disability on time use and experienced wellbeing and the circumstances under which giving time to others yields well being. These analyses are made possible by PSID's rich panel measures of health, recent and longer-term economic wellbeing, and familial context. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Understanding the consequences of loss of functioning in later life for subjective wellbeing is of substantial scientific and public health import, given the aging of the population, the high prevalence of disability in later life, and projected increases in the number of older adults with limitations. By collecting, disseminating, and analyzing time diaries and experienced wellbeing from older adults in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study will refocus the literature on disability and related care on the mechanisms through which participation and wellbeing are maintained in later life.