Affective Neuroscience of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

描述（由申请人提供）：精神分裂症（SCZ）和双相情感障碍-I（BPD）有许多相似之处，但它们对食欲刺激的情绪反应特征明显不同，即使在临床稳定的患者中也存在这些特征。这个R21应用程序的目标是应用当前的情感神经科学方法来理解这些不同情绪反应特征的潜在过程。我们将检验以下假设：稳定的SCZ门诊患者和有精神病史的正常情绪BPD-I患者在两种类型的任务中对奖励刺激表现出相反的中枢和外周神经系统反应：情感计时法，指的是时间参数（例如，预期，抵消）的情绪反应，和动机参与，这是指动员生理反应系统在即将到来的奖励和惩罚。35名SCZ门诊患者、35名正常BPD门诊患者和35名匹配的健康对照将完成两种类型的范式，同时记录ERP和惊吓眨眼反应。在图片呈现之前、期间和之后，将使用带有惊吓探针的被动情绪图片观看任务来测量情感计时。动机参与将通过主动动机梯度任务来测量，其中暗示奖励或惩罚的线索似乎逐渐接近观众。我们预测SCZ患者将表现出低反应性，而BPD患者将表现出对阳性刺激的特定生理反应的高反应性。识别与SCZ和BPD独特相关的情绪障碍将对治疗开发和识别新的内在表型产生直接影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder-I (BPD) have many similarities, but they have notably different emotional response profiles to appetitive stimuli, and these are present even among clinically stable patients. The goal of this R21 application is to apply current affective neuroscience methods to understand the underlying processes for these different emotional response profiles. We will test hypotheses that stable outpatients with SCZ and euthymic BPD-I patients with a history of psychosis will demonstrate opposite central and peripheral nervous system responses to rewarding stimuli during two types of tasks: affective chronometry, which refers to the temporal parameters (e.g., anticipation, offset) of emotional responding, and motivational engagement, which refers to mobilization of physiological response systems during impending rewards and punishments. 35 SCZ outpatients, 35 euthymic BPD outpatients, and 35 matched healthy controls will complete the two types of paradigms while simultaneous ERP and startle eye blink responses are recorded. Affective chronometry will be measured with a passive emotional picture viewing task with startle probes before, during, and after picture presentation. Motivational engagement will be measured with an active motivational gradient task, in which cues signaling reward or punishment appear to loom progressively closer to the viewer. We predict SCZ patients will demonstrate hypo-reactivity and BPD patients will show hyper-reactivity for specific physiological responses to positive stimuli. Identification of emotional disturbances that are uniquely associated with SCZ and BPD would have direct implications for treatment development and identification of novel endophenotypes.