Frailty and Aging in an Invertebrate Model: Anastrepha ludens

项目总结/摘要 尽管科学家们对这两个问题的重要性和 不同衰老机制的共性，近年来三个相互关联的观点， 老龄化已经出现，大多数老年学家和人口学家都同意：（1）有 多种途径（因此机制）获得非凡的长寿;（2）这些 路径有不同的死亡率后果;（3）老年人的健康 取决于他们的年龄。老年之路的概念及其 不同的健康成本是健康老龄化的基础， Fries（1980）的发病率压缩，也是该项目的核心。之一 从这些概念中产生的基本问题是， 个体到高龄产生的人口更健康，或者这些更大的 到达老年的分数意味着个体的平均健康实际上降低了。 虽然第二种情况被称为“成功模式的失败”，但第一种情况 被称为“成功模式”。一群幸存者， 可能正在塑造一个老年人口的整体健康状况是更多样化的相对于早期 人口在同一年龄。这些概念和模型将用于形成业务 框架，围绕这一拟议的研究项目是有组织的，以探讨相互作用的 老年人和人口脆弱性，反过来，深入了解健康和 老年死亡率。利用墨西哥果蝇（Anastrepha ludens），我们的主要目标是 实验人口学和数学模型，以解决有关的具体问题 老年人的健康和生存经历了广泛的环境影响， 年轻时的条件具体目标包括：目标1。识别和校准行为指标， 健康;目标2.健康指标测量和假设检验，包括评估健康状况， 存活和雌性繁殖的最年长的苍蝇保持不同的饮食（2a）和不同的 生殖（2b）和应激（2c）条件;以及目标3。统计建模和数据分析。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Although there is considerable debate among scientists on both the importance and the generality of different aging mechanisms, in recent years three interrelated perspectives of aging have emerged on which most gerontologists and demographers agree: (1) there are multiple pathways (and thus mechanisms) for attaining exceptional longevity; (2) these pathways have different mortality consequences; and (3) the health of individuals at older ages is conditional on their pathway to these ages. The concept of pathways to old age and their different health costs is foundational to healthy aging outlined in the landmark paper on morbidity compression by Fries (1980) and is also central to this proposed project. One of the fundamental questions that flows from these concepts is whether increasing survival of individuals to advanced ages yields populations that are healthier, or whether these larger fractions arriving at old age means that the average health of the individuals is actually reduced. Whereas this second scenario is referred to as the 'Failure of Success Model', the first scenario is referred to as the 'Success of Success Model'. A less selected group of survivors to old ages may be shaping an older population whole health profile is more diverse relative to earlier populations at the same age. These concepts and models will be used to form the operational framework around which this proposed research project is organized to explore the interplay of geriatric and demography frailty and, in turn, to gain insights into the relationship of health and old-age mortality. Using the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens), our broad goal is to bring experimental demography and mathematical models to bear on specific questions concerned with the health and survival of older individuals that experience a wide range of environmental conditions when young. Specific aims include: Aim 1. Identify and calibrate behavioral metrics of health; Aim 2. Health metric measurement and hypothesis testing including assessing health, survival and female reproduction of oldest-old flies maintained different diets (2a) and different reproductive (2b) and stress (2c) conditions; and Aim 3. Statistical modeling and data analysis.