Interactions Between Obesity Risk and Insufficient Sleep

描述（由申请人提供）：当今生活的需求已经对时间提出了要求。自愿睡眠缩短是一种地方病，许多成年人每晚平均睡眠时间为6小时。观察数据表明，睡眠时间短与肥胖的可能性更大有关。轻度慢性睡眠剥夺可能是肥胖症惊人增长的一个重要的和潜在的可纠正的行为因素。没有明确的人类实验研究表明睡眠不足是否确实有助于增加能量摄入，能量消耗的变化和脂肪量的增加。我们提出了一系列新的研究，以调查异常的能量平衡赋予睡眠限制。这些研究结合了联合收割机监测睡眠、食物摄入、能量消耗、神经内分泌能量调节、身体组成和人类脂肪细胞生物学转化研究的最新技术。我们将测量BMI正常（20-25 kg/m2）的健康受试者的食物摄入量、能量消耗（基础代谢率、食物的热效应和活动）、神经激素水平、体脂含量，并获得脂肪活检用于脂肪细胞研究。18名受试者（9名男性和9名女性）将随机分配至睡眠限制交叉方案。在4天的基线评估后，这些受试者将经历14天的适度睡眠限制或对照期，随后是3天的恢复期。将睡眠限制期间的测量结果与随机分配至对照组时获得的测量结果进行比较。在相同的持续时间内，将在临床研究单位对睡眠限制和控制会话进行类似的监测和测量。我们将测试以下假设：1。睡眠限制导致热量摄入增加。睡眠限制不会改变能量消耗3。睡眠限制导致积极的能量平衡和脂肪量增加4。睡眠限制导致脂肪细胞生物学的变化，导致瘦素信号传导受损。我们的建议建立在既定的研究计划和令人信服的初步数据基础上，首先解决睡眠和肥胖的神经内分泌机制，其次解决人类能量摄入和能量消耗的调节。这些研究将提供关键的见解，了解睡眠限制是否会促进食物摄入量增加和/或活动水平降低，以及脂肪量增加，以及睡眠与能量平衡和肥胖风险相互作用的机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The demands of present day living have placed a premium on time. Voluntary sleep curtailment is endemic and many adults typically sleep an average of six hours per night. Observational data suggest that short sleep duration is associated with a greater likelihood of being obese. Low grade chronic sleep deprivation may constitute an important and potentially correctable behavioral factor in the alarming increase in obesity. There are no definitive experimental studies in humans showing whether insufficient sleep indeed contributes to increased energy intake, changes in energy expenditure, and an increase in fat mass. We propose a series of novel studies to investigate abnormalities in energy homeostasis imparted by sleep restriction. These studies combine state-of-the-art techniques for monitoring sleep, food intake, energy expenditure, neuroendocrine energy regulation, body composition, and translational studies of adipocyte biology in humans. We will measure food intake, energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and activity), neurohormone levels, body fat content, and obtain fat biopsies for studies of adipocytes, in healthy subjects with normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2). Eighteen subjects (9 men and 9 women) will be randomized to a cross-over protocol of sleep restriction. After a 4 day baseline evaluation, these subjects will undergo 14 days of modest sleep restriction or a control period followed by a 3 day recovery period. Measurements during sleep restriction will be compared to those obtained while randomized to the control session. Sleep restriction and control sessions will undergo similar monitoring and measurements in the Clinical Research Unit over the same duration. We will test the following hypotheses: 1. that sleep restriction results in increased caloric intake 2. That sleep restriction does not change energy expenditure 3. That sleeps restriction results in a positive energy balance and increased fat mass 4. That sleep restriction results in changes in adipocyte biology that lead to impaired leptin signaling Our proposal builds on established research programs and compelling preliminary data addressing first, neuroendocrine mechanisms in sleep and obesity, and second, the regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in humans. These studies will provide pivotal insights into whether sleep restriction promotes increased food intake and/or reduced activity levels, and increased fat mass, and into the mechanisms by which sleep interacts with energy balance and obesity risk.