Neural Markers of Emotional Reactivity in Youth Depression and Anxiety

描述（由申请人提供）：了解心理障碍的情绪处理和反应模式可能有助于确定导致功能障碍情绪处理的机制和干预的目标领域1,2。此外，识别精神病理学的前体对于选择高危个体和实施预防措施至关重要3,4。心理生理学的测量对于研究情绪特别有用，因为它可以识别那些无法通过行为观察或自我报告观察到的过程。虽然情绪和精神病理学的研究越来越多，但从发展精神病理学的角度进行的工作很少。有证据表明，抑郁症可能与对愉快和不愉快的情绪刺激的情绪反应减弱有关，但至少某些类型的焦虑症似乎与对不愉快的，特别是威胁性的信息的反应增强有关。情绪刺激敏感的事件相关电位成分中的晚期正电位（LPP）有证据表明，成人抑郁症与情绪刺激的LPPs减少有关，至少某些形式的成人焦虑与LPPs增加有关12,13；然而，研究还没有检查LPP与儿童抑郁和焦虑症状之间的联系，或者作为精神病理风险的功能。该项目是一项更大的纵向研究的一部分，将测量对不愉快、中性和愉快图像的电皮层和行为反应，以检查与9岁儿童抑郁和焦虑症状的联系，以及与情感障碍风险的联系（即父母抑郁或焦虑障碍的历史），同时控制儿童症状。此外，主成分分析（PCA）技术将用于进一步研究儿童情绪刺激的特定成分以及与抑郁和焦虑的关联。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding patterns of emotional processing and reactivity in psychological disorders may aid in identifying mechanisms contributing to dysfunctional emotional processes and areas to target in interventions1,2. In addition, the identification of precursors for psychopathology is crucial for selecting individuals at highest risk and for implementing prevention efforts3, 4. Psychophysiological measures are particularly useful for studying emotion in order to identify processes that may not be observable through behavioral observations or self-report5. While research on emotion and psychopathology is growing, little work has been conducted from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Evidence suggests that depression may be associated with reduced emotional reactivity to pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli6, but at least some types of anxiety disorders appear to be associated with increased reactivity to unpleasant, particularly threatening, information7-9. The late positive potential (LPP) in an event-related potential component sensitive to emotional stimuli10. There is some evidence adult depression is associated with reduced LPPs to emotional stimuli11 and at least some forms of anxiety in adults are associated with increased LPPs12,13; however, research has yet to examine associations between the LPP and depressive and anxiety symptoms in children or as a function of risk for psychopathology. The proposed project is part of a larger longitudinal study and will measure electrocortical and behavioral responses to unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant images to examine associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms in nine-year-old children and associations with risk for affective disorders (i.e., parental history of depressive or anxiety disorders) while controlling for child symptoms. In addition, principle component analysis (PCA) techniques will be used to further examine the components specific to emotional stimuli in children and associations with depression and anxiety.