Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Househoulds

描述（由申请人提供）：烟草使用的负担不成比例地落在低收入人群身上，因为初级吸烟率和二手烟暴露率很高。过去二十年来，美国在创造无烟环境方面取得了显著进展，这使得吸烟者的家成为儿童和不吸烟的成年人接触二手烟的重要来源。干预研究确定了有效和切实可行的策略，以使仍允许在家中吸烟的少数家庭接触到二手烟，这在减少接触二手烟方面具有相当大的潜力，但接触低收入家庭的合适渠道有限。拟议的研究将通过已建立的2-1-1呼叫中心国家基础设施制定、评价和传播一项简短的无烟家庭干预措施。2-1-1是全国指定的3位数电话交换机，类似于紧急情况的9-1-1或电话号码查询的4-1-1，将呼叫者与社区卫生和社会服务联系起来。大多数拨打2-1-1电话的人都是低收入者。建议的研究有四个具体目标：1)对促进低收入人群无烟家庭的干预信息和材料进行形成性研究，适用于吸烟者和非吸烟者作为家庭变革推动者；2)在亚特兰大2-1-1服务区进行随机对照试验，评估在2-1-1呼叫者中建立无烟家庭的简短干预的效果；3)在休斯敦和北卡罗来纳州的2-1-1系统中进行复制研究，系统地测试不同人群和控烟气候下的干预措施；4)通过向2-1-1系统提供国家资助项目，并通过烟草技术援助联盟与美国州和地方烟草控制基础设施的联系，传播研究测试的无烟家庭干预措施

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The burden of tobacco use falls disproportionately on low-income populations, through high rates of primary smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. The remarkable progress in creating smoke-free environments in the U.S. over the past two decades has left smokers' homes as a significant source of exposure to secondhand smoke for both children and nonsmoking adults. Intervention research that identifies effective and practical strategies for reaching the minority of households that still allow smoking in the home has considerable potential to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, but suitable channels to reach low-income families are limited. The proposed research will develop, evaluate and disseminate a brief smoke-free homes intervention through the established national infrastructure of 2-1-1 call centers. 2-1-1 is a nationally designated 3-digit telephone exchange, similar to 9-1-1 for emergencies or 4-1-1 for directory assistance, that links callers to community-based health and social services. Most 2-1-1 callers are low income. The proposed research has four specific aims: 1) Conduct formative research on intervention messages and materials for promoting smoke-free homes in low-income populations, applicable to both smokers and nonsmokers as household change agents; 2) Conduct a randomized controlled trial in the Atlanta 2-1-1 service area to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention to create smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers; 3) Conduct replication studies in Houston and North Carolina 2-1-1 systems to systematically test the intervention in varied populations and tobacco control climates; and 4) Disseminate the research tested smoke-free homes intervention through a national grants program to 2-1-1 systems and through the Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium's linkages to the state and local tobacco control infrastructure in the U.S.