Determinants of HIV Transmission

迫切需要有效的艾滋病毒预防战略，有效的艾滋病毒疫苗是最好的 从长远来看，希望能大大降低艾滋病毒新感染率。为了实现这一目标，我们目前 对艾滋病毒传播的生物学和流行病学的了解仍然有限。本方案项目 将着重于查明和系统评价最近感染过 艾滋病毒和性伴侣谁传播艾滋病毒给他们（传播对），以阐明和量化 流行病学、行为学、生物学、病毒学和宿主因素，有助于传播。 圣地亚哥原发性感染研究小组在急性招募方面有着悠久而成功的历史 以及最近的艾滋病毒感染者及其传播伙伴。通过新的方法来扩展 如临床和标本核心中所述，我们将对此类研究参与者进行识别， 在项目1（传输概率）中：（目标1）每次接触的传输概率（（J），（目标2） 伴侣变化率（c），（目的3）传染期的持续时间（D），从而决定生殖 该人群中的HIV感染者数量（R0）。这些调查将与项目2相辅相成 （传输相关），将确定和量化重要的生物（目标1）， 病毒（目标2）和宿主（目标3）与HIV性传播相关。最重要的是，这项研究将 允许准确估计潜在的预防策略或预期的候选疫苗 有效性基于对目标人群正在进行的风险行为的估计， 了解导致艾滋病毒传播的病毒和宿主因素。行政核心 (Core A）将在协调行政、财政、数据和统计支持方面发挥核心作用 项目以及提供科学支持和促进调查人员之间的协同互动， 合作者对互动项目的成功至关重要。临床和样本核心（核心B） 将识别、招募和入组研究受试者，并采集、处理、储存和管理临床标本 为实现两个研究项目的目标，

Effective prevention strategies for HIV are critically needed, and an effective HIV vaccine is the best long-range hope to dramatically reduce the rate of new HIV infections. To this goal, our current understanding of the biology and epidemiology of HIV transmission remains limited. This Program Project will focus on the identification and systematic evaluation of individuals who have been recently infected with HIV and the sexual partners who transmitted HIV to them (Transmission Pairs) to elucidate and quantify epidemiologic, behavioral, biologic, virologic, and host factors that contribute to transmission. The San Diego Primary Infection research group has a long and successful history of recruiting acutely and very recently HIV-infected individuals and their transmitting partners. With new approaches to expand our identification of such study participants, as described in the Clinical and Specimen Core, we will address in Project 1 (Transmission Probability): (Aim 1) the transmission probability per contact ((J), (Aim 2) the rate of partner change (c), (Aim 3) the duration of infectious stages (D), and thus determine the reproductive number (R0) of HIV in this population. These investigations will be complemented with Project 2 (Transmission Correlates) that will identify and quantify the contributions of important biologic (Aim 1), viral (Aim 2), and host (Aim 3) correlates of HIV sexual transmission. Most importantly, this research will allow for the accurate estimation of a potential prevention strategy or candidate vaccine's anticipated efficacy based on both an estimation of the target populations' ongoing risk behavior and a thorough understanding of viral and host factors that contribute to HIV transmission. The Administrative Core (Core A) will play a central role in coordinating the administrative, fiscal, data, and statistical support for this Project as well as providing scientific support and facilitating synergistic interaction among investigators and collaborators critical to the success of the interactive projects. The Clinical and Specimen Core (Core B) will identify, recruit and enroll study subjects and collect, process, store, and manage the clinical specimens needed to meet the objectives of the two proposed research projects.