SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PREDICTORS OF PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION

项目1：身体和认知功能的社会和经济预测因素残疾和认知障碍等功能后果严重影响老年人的独立性和生产力，特别是在医疗援助和获得适应性设备的机会有限的低收入国家。然而，目前关于残疾的监测数据非常有限，而且关于非洲老年人功能结局决定因素的证据严重依赖于极少数以人口为基础的队列。迫切需要关于撒哈拉以南非洲成年人功能结果的高质量数据，包括基于绩效和自我报告的结果。我们的长期目标是丰富INDEPTH队列研究，以便通过确定促进老年人身体和认知健康的具体、可改变的因素，将它们用于规划健康和社会服务。该项目的总体目标是在三个INDEPTH队列（加纳、坦桑尼亚和南非）中引入经过验证的基于性能和自我报告的身体和认知功能评估，并使用这些数据来测试选定的风险因素是否可以预测身体或认知障碍。这个项目与其他项目紧密结合。功能结果和慢性疾病，包括心脏代谢紊乱和艾滋病毒，与项目2和项目3相关，其中确定了这些疾病的结果。项目4在福祉和生产力分析中使用功能数据。项目1在南非进行了两波，间隔三年，在加纳和坦桑尼亚进行了一波；这些新的调查将在三个INDEPTH社区招募4000名50岁以上的男性和女性（n=12,000），包括2006年SAGE短期和长期研究的所有幸存参与者。这个项目的目标是：使用统一的方法比较三个INDEPTH国家中身体残疾和认知障碍的患病率。目标2。描述南非老年人的流动性和日常生活活动（adl）轨迹，并将这些轨迹与加纳和坦桑尼亚的现有队列数据进行比较。在这里，我们利用几个来源的数据来获得3-7年的纵向数据。目标3。评估社会隔离、社会经济地位、成人血管危险因素和艾滋病毒作为身体和认知障碍和死亡率的预测因素。

Project 1: Social and Economic Predictors of Physical and Cognitive Function Functional outcomes such as disability and cognitive impairment critically affect independence and productivity in old age, especially in low-income countries where medical assistance and access to adaptive equipment are limited. However, current surveillance data of disability are extremely limited, and evidence on determinants of functional outcomes in older Africans is heavily dependent on the very few population-based cohorts. There is an urgent need for high-quality data on functional outcomes in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, including both performance-based and self-reported outcomes. Our long term goal is to enrich the INDEPTH cohort studies so they can be used to plan health and social services through the identification of specific, modifiable factors that promote physical and cognitive health of elderly. The overall objective of this project is to introduce validated performance-based and self-reported assessments of physical and cognitive function into three INDEPTH cohorts (in Ghana, Tanzania, and South Africa) and use these data to test whether selected risk factors predict physical or cognitive impairments. This project is tightly integrated with other projects. Functional outcomes and chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders and HIV, are related to Projects 2 and 3 where these disease outcomes are identified. Project 4 uses functional data in analyses of well-being & productivity. Project 1 draws on two waves three years apart for South Africa, and one wave in Ghana and Tanzania; these new surveys will enroll 4000 men and women 50+ in three INDEPTH communities (n=12,000) including all surviving participants from the 2006 SAGE short and long studies. The aims of this project are: AIM 1. To compare the prevalence of physical disability and cognitive impairment using harmonized methods across the three INDEPTH countries. AIM 2. To describe trajectories of mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) for older adults in South Africa and compare these trajectories to available data on cohorts in Ghana and Tanzania. Here we draw on data from several sources to obtain longitudinal data over a period of 3-7 years. AIM 3. To evaluate social isolation, socioeconomic status, and adult vascular risk factors and HIV as predictors of physical and cognitive impairments and mortality.