Alcohol and Energy Drink Use, Expectancies and Sexual Risk Taking

描述（由申请人提供）：能量饮料（ED）的使用，特别是与酒精（AED）混合使用时，是一种迅速出现的现象，与饮酒问题和不安全性行为有关。尽管这些饮料在美国已经广泛使用了十多年，但其使用的参数和影响仍未得到充分研究。虽然一些初步研究已经调查了ED和AED在大学生地区便利样本中的使用情况，但对全国青少年和年轻人的使用模式知之甚少。当前的R01应用程序有三个关键目标。首先，我们将收集第一个详细的，具有全国代表性的数据，以绘制ED和AED在美国未成年青少年（13-17岁）和新兴成年人（18-25岁）中使用的患病率和人口分布。性别、种族/民族、年龄、大学入学状况、体育参与和其他关键特征之间的差异将被评估。其次，我们将研究新兴成人使用AED、AED预期和性冒险之间的联系。事件级和前瞻性的关联都将被评估。我们将控制人口统计学和人格特征以及其他酒精和/或咖啡因的使用，以检验使用AED对性冒险行为的独特影响（即，多个性伴侣和/或随意性伴侣，醉酒时性交，缺乏安全套等保护行为）。我们将利用期望理论来检验关于酒精和咖啡因相互作用的信念是否会缓和使用AED与性危险行为之间的关系。第三，我们将测试这些关系中的性别差异。拟议的研究将招募3000名美国青年，其中包括2000名18-25岁的新兴成年人和1000名13-17岁的未成年青少年。在ED和AED使用、酒精使用和性冒险方面的六波网络调查数据将每隔三个月从新成年参与者中收集。未成年青少年将只在第1波完成ED和AED使用情况的不太敏感的调查。通过提供第一个详细处理这些问题的国家数据，这项研究将提供一个理论上连贯和经验上可靠的基础

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Energy drink (ED) use, particularly when mixed with alcohol (AED), is a rapidly emerging phenomenon that has been linked with both problem drinking and unsafe sexual activity. Although these drinks have been widely available in the United States for more than a decade, the parameters and implications of their use remain significantly understudied. While a few preliminary studies have examined ED and AED use in regional convenience samples of college students, little is known about patterns of use among adolescents and young adults nationwide. The present R01 application has three key objectives. First, we will collect the first detailed, nationally representative data to map the prevalence and demographic distribution of ED and AED use in U.S. minor adolescents (aged 13-17) and emerging adults (aged 18-25). Variations across gender, race/ethnicity, age, college enrollment status, sports involvement, and other key characteristics will be assessed. Second, we will examine links among AED use, AED expectancies, and sexual risk-taking in emerging adults. Both event- level and prospective associations will be assessed. We will control for demographic and personality characteristics as well as other alcohol and/or caffeine use, in order to examine the unique effects of AED use on sexual risk-taking (i.e., multiple and/or casual partners, sexual intercourse while intoxicated, and lack of protective behaviors like condom use). We will draw on expectancy theory to test whether beliefs about the interaction of alcohol and caffeine moderate the relationships between AED use and sexual risk behaviors. Third, we will test for gender differences in these relationships. The proposed study will recruit demographically diverse national probability sample of 3,000 U.S. youth, including 2,000 emerging adults aged 18-25 and 1,000 minor adolescents aged 13-17. Six waves of web survey data on ED and AED use, alcohol use, and sexual risk-taking will be collected at three-month intervals from the emerging adult participants. Minor adolescents will complete a less-sensitive survey on ED and AED use in Wave 1 only. By providing the first national data addressing these questions in detail, the research will provide a theoretically coherent and empirically sound basis for understanding the complex relationships between the nascent ED/AED phenomenon and adolescent and young adult health. Research findings are intended to locate ED and AED use within a broader pattern of health-risk behavior and to inform the future development of more effective screening, intervention, and regulatory strategies for reducing AED-related risky sexual activity.