Metabolic Costs of Daily Activities in Older Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：美国人花费超过90%的活动相关的能量消耗进行日常活动。卫生保健专业人员使用规范性数据作为指导，为患者和客户规定适当的活动。此外，科学家利用这些资源来规划身体活动或营养干预措施，并将这些估计应用于流行病学研究。然而，虽然规范性数据已经存在了20多年，并且在年轻人中似乎是准确的，但它们可能导致对老年人日常活动代谢成本的错误估计。这不是一个微不足道的问题，因为体育活动是唯一已知的改善老年人身体功能的方式之一，在调节体重方面起着关键作用。然而，有一个严重缺乏的信息有关的潜在年龄相关的差异，在日常活动的代谢成本。这就留下了一个重大的知识空白，为具有高风险心肺和骨科损伤的人群正确地规定身体活动。这个项目的主要目标是检验这样一个假设，即衰老与运动和生活方式活动的代谢成本差异有关。我们将评估210名年龄在20至80岁以上的成年人的肺气体交换，使用便携式间接热量计进行38项日常活动。我们将研究代谢当量（MET作为3.5毫升”min-1“kg-1的函数），代谢经济（给定工作速率所消耗的能量）和相对代谢成本（作为休息和峰值耗氧量的函数）作为年龄的函数。其次，我们将通过测试另外90名患有功能障碍的老年人（60岁以上）来解决日常活动的代谢成本如何受到功能障碍的影响。第三，由于科学家和公共卫生官员都依赖于基于感知的努力来监测身体活动的强度，我们将解决这个问题-“衰老与自我测量感知努力的不准确性有关吗？“解决这个问题将深入了解一个更好的交付系统，以推荐老年人的身体强度。最后，正在提出的设计和全面的代谢测量将提供一个前所未有的机会，以验证加速计估计身体活动的类型和强度。使用应用机器学习方法（随机森林，支持向量和多核学习技术）的新数学技术，我们将评估减少估计身体活动类型和强度的误差的潜力， 传统的方法。这项研究有许多最终产品。首先，这项工作将产生60岁以上日常活动代谢成本的最大数据集。其次，将创建代谢成本的年龄校正因子，以应用于数百项任务，这些任务与正在评估的任务属于类似类别。最后，这项工作将完善所需的工具， 评估年轻人和老年人的身体活动。这些成就将直接影响流行病学，老年医学，康复和营养科学领域。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Americans spend over 90% of their activity related energy expenditure performing common daily activities. Health care professionals use normative data as a guide to prescribe appropriate activities for patients and clients. Additionally, scientists use this resource to plan physical activity or nutritional interventions ad apply these estimates to epidemiological research. However, while normative data have existed for over 20 years and are seemingly accurate in young adults, they can lead to misguided estimates of the metabolic cost of daily activities in older adults. This is not a trivial issue sice physical activity is one of the only known modalities to improve physical function in older adults and plays a critical role in regulating body weight. However, there is a serious lack of information pertaining to potential age-related differences in the metabolic cost of daily activitis. This leaves a major gap in knowledge for properly prescribing physical activity for a population that has elevated risk cardiopulmonary and orthopedic impairments. The primary goal of this project is to test the hypothesis that aging is associated with a difference in the metabolic cost f doing exercise and lifestyle activities. We will assess pulmonary gas exchange in 210 adults aged 20 to 80+ years with a portable indirect calorimeter worn while performing 38 daily activities. We will examine the metabolic equivalent (MET as a function of 3.5 milliliter" min-1"kg-1), metabolic economy (energy expended for a given work rate) and relative metabolic cost (as a function of resting and peak oxygen consumption) for each task as a function of age. Secondly, we will address how metabolic costs of daily activities are affected by having functional impairments by testing an additional 90 older adults (60+ years) with functional impairment. Thirdly, because scientists and public health officials alike rely on perception-based exertion to monitor intensity of physical activity, we will address the question- "Is aging associated with inaccuracies for self-gauging perceived exertion?" Addressing this question will gain insight into a better delivery system for recommending physical intensity to older adults. Lastly, the design and comprehensive metabolic measurements being proposed will provide an unprecedented opportunity to validate accelerometers for estimating the type and intensity of physical activity. Using new mathematical techniques that apply machine learning approaches (random forests, support vector and multiple kernel learning techniques), we will assess the potential to reduce the error in estimating the type and intensity of physical activity as compared to traditional methods. There are many end products of this research. First, the work will produce the largest dataset of metabolic cost for daily activities in 60+ years old. Second, an age-correction factor for metabolic costs will be created to apply to hundreds of tasks that fall into similar categories as those being evaluated. Finally, the work will refine the tools needed to feasibly assess physical activity in young and old adults. These accomplishments will directly impact the fields of epidemiology, geriatric medicine, rehabilitation, and nutritional sciences.