Dose-Response and Context-Specific Sexual Risks amongst College Students

描述(申请人提供)：高危行为，如酒后驾车和肢体打架，在大学校园里很常见。在大学生中，饮酒和增加危险行为的可能性之间存在明显而强烈的关联。Gruenewald和他的同事开发的剂量-反应模型表明，在典型的轻度饮酒者和重度饮酒者之间，与特定水平的酒精消费相关的风险水平可能存在实质性差异。有些令人惊讶的是，虽然饮酒和高危行为之间的联系已经确立，但人们对饮酒环境对这些风险的影响程度知之甚少。此外，还没有人量化与(1)选择饮酒环境，(2)在该环境中使用酒精，以及(3)在该环境中的使用水平相关的明显风险。目前的应用程序使用一个量化的理论框架来评估与饮酒相关的剂量反应和上下文特定风险的异质性，使用更安全的加州大学，这是一个大型调查数据集，可以从最近结束的环境干预计划对大学饮酒的影响评估中获得。从2003年到2008年，共收集了42171份大学生调查报告，其中79.5%的受访者报告说他们在过去的一年里饮酒。我们使用了2003年和2004年(干预前年份)14,252名饮酒者的数据。学生们提供了关于饮酒模式、饮酒环境的使用(例如，希腊派对、住宅楼里的派对)、这些环境的特征(例如，其他醉汉)和高危行为(例如， 与一名喝醉了的司机一起骑车)。这些重复的横断面数据提供了对加州14所校园的大学饮酒者使用饮酒环境的评估。该项目的目的是(1)确定大学生从事高危行为的概率是否因酒精剂量而异，(2)量化高危行为与背景非饮酒风险、与饮酒相关的风险以及不同环境下的使用水平之间的差异程度。我们还将研究是否通过在每种情况下花费的时间、在该情况下的人数以及其他人的饮酒水平(主观评估)来缓和特定情况下的风险。这些信息可用于针对性的预防性干预措施，以减少接触高风险环境的机会，消除高风险环境中的所有饮酒，和/或减少高风险环境中的大量饮酒。了解酒精使用最有可能导致危险行为的条件将使预防从业者和这些信息的消费者都受益，并将促进全校范围内的努力，以干预特定的高风险饮酒环境(例如，限制校外访问和使用的合作社区计划)。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): High-risk behaviors, such as driving after drinking and getting into a physical fight, are common on college campuses. There are clear and strong associations between alcohol consumption and increased likelihood of risky behaviors amongst college students. A dose-response model developed by Gruenewald and colleagues suggests there may be substantial differences in the level of risk associated with a specific level of alcohl consumption between typically light and heavy drinkers. Somewhat surprisingly, while a strong association between alcohol consumption and high-risk behaviors has been established, little is known about the degree to which drinking contexts may affect those risks. Furthermore, no one has quantified the distinct risks associated with (1) selection of a drinking context, (2) use of alcohol in that context, and (3) level of use in that context. The current application uses a quantitative theoretical framework to assess heterogeneity of dose-response and context-specific risks related to drinking using Safer California Colleges, a large survey data set available from a recently concluded evaluation of the impacts of environmental intervention programs on college drinking. From 2003 to 2008, 42,171 college student surveys were collected, with 79.5% of respondents reporting that they drank in the past year. We use data from 14,252 drinkers in 2003 and 2004 (pre-intervention years). Students provided data on drinking patterns, use of drinking contexts (e.g., Greek parties, parties in residence halls), characteristics of those contexts (e.g., other intoxicated persons), and high-risk behaviors (e.g., rode with a driver who was drunk). These replicated cross-sectional data provide assessments of college drinkers' use of drinking environments across 14 campuses in California. The aims of the proposed project are to (1) Determine whether college students' probability of engaging in high-risk behaviors varies by alcohol dose and (2) Quantify the extent to which high-risk behaviors vary in relation to background non-drinking risks, risks related to drinking, and level o use in different contexts. We will also examine whether context-specific risks are moderated by time spent in each context, number of persons in that context, and others' drinking levels (subjectively assessed). This information can be used to target preventive interventions to reduce access to high-risk contexts, eliminate all drinking in high-risk contexts, and/or reduce heavy drinking in high-risk contexts. Understanding the conditions under which alcohol use is most likely to lead to risky behaviors will benefit both prevention practitioners and consumers of this information, and will facilitate campus-wide efforts to intervene in specific high-risk drinkig settings (e.g., cooperative community programs to restrict off-campus access and use).